Scaal Martin
Institute of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2016 Jan;49:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.003. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
The segmental organization of the vertebrate body is most obviously visible in the vertebral column, which consists of a series of vertebral bones and interconnecting joints and ligaments. During embryogenesis, the vertebral column derives from the somites, which are the primary segments of the embryonic paraxial mesoderm. Anatomical, cellular and molecular aspects of vertebral column development have been of interest to developmental biologists for more than 150 years. This review briefly summarizes the present knowledge on early steps of vertebral column development in amniotes, starting from sclerotome formation and leading to the establishment of the anatomical bauplan of the spine composed of vertebral bodies, vertebral arches, intervertebral discs and ribs, and their specific axial identities along the body axis.
脊椎动物身体的节段性组织在脊柱中最为明显可见，脊柱由一系列椎骨以及相连的关节和韧带组成。在胚胎发生过程中，脊柱源自体节，体节是胚胎近轴中胚层的主要节段。150多年来，发育生物学家一直对脊柱发育的解剖学、细胞和分子方面感兴趣。本综述简要总结了目前关于羊膜动物脊柱发育早期步骤的知识，从生骨节形成开始，直至由椎体、椎弓、椎间盘和肋骨组成的脊柱解剖结构蓝图的建立，以及它们沿身体轴线的特定轴向特征。
