Nägerl H, Kubein-Meesenburg D, Fanghänel J
IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Deutschland.
Ann Anat. 1992 Feb;174(1):66-75.
The mechanical structure of the relative motion of adjacent vertebrae is given by the interplay of the artt. zygapophysiales, the intervertebral disk and the ligaments, respectively. This structure will be described in the 3 main functional planes. Horizontal plane (parallel to the disk): The two artt. zygapophysiales structurally represent a force locked, kinematically contrained four-bar-chain (link quadrangle). It possesses but one degree of freedom. The intervertebral disk does not influence, therefore, the kinematic structure but the extent of the motion. Frontal-coronal plane: The four-bar-chain of the frontal plane seems to be inflexible. Lateral bending is only possible combined with a right or left handed axial rotation. Vertical-sagittal plane: The artt. zygapophysiales work as a single dimeric link chain. The momentary rotational center lies on the common normal of the two articular surfaces. Its position upon that is determined by the geometry of the applied force system according to the "reciprocal theorem of synarthroses". Solely one direction of translation is possible. A translation perpendicular to the intervertebral disk is impossible in the cervical and thoracic region.
相邻椎体相对运动的力学结构分别由关节突关节、椎间盘和韧带的相互作用决定。这种结构将在三个主要功能平面中进行描述。水平面（与椎间盘平行）：两个关节突关节在结构上代表一个力锁定、运动学上受约束的四杆链（连杆四边形）。它只有一个自由度。因此，椎间盘不影响运动学结构，而是影响运动程度。额状面：额状面的四杆链似乎是刚性的。侧屈只能与右手或左手轴向旋转相结合。矢状面：关节突关节作为一个单一的二聚体连杆链起作用。瞬时旋转中心位于两个关节面的公共法线上。其在该法线上的位置由根据“微动关节互易定理”的作用力系统几何形状决定。仅有一种平移方向是可能的。在颈椎和胸椎区域，垂直于椎间盘的平移是不可能的。
