Shostak Sara
Soc Stud Sci. 2005 Jun;35(3):367-403. doi: 10.1177/0306312705049882.
This paper described the efforts of scientists at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and their allies in the National Toxicology Program to molecularize toxicology by fostering the emergence of a new discipline: toxicogenomics. I demonstrate that the molecularization of toxicology at the NIEHS began in a process of 'co-construction'. However, the subsequent emergence of the discipline of toxicogenomics has required the deliberate development of communication across the myriad disciplines necessary to produce toxicogenomic knowledge; articulation of emergent forms, standards, and practices with extant ones; management of the tensions generated by grounding toxicogenomics in traditional toxicological standards and work practices even it transforms those standards and practices; and identification and stabilization of roles for toxicogenomic knowledge in markets and service sites, such as environmental health risk assessment and regulation. This paper describes the technological, institutional, and inter-sectoral strategies that scientists have pursued in order to meet these challenges. In so doing, this analysis offers a vista into both the means and meanings of molecularization.
本文描述了美国国立环境卫生科学研究所（NIEHS）的科学家及其在国家毒理学计划中的盟友通过推动一门新学科——毒理基因组学的出现，将毒理学分子化所做的努力。我证明了NIEHS的毒理学分子化始于一个“共同构建”的过程。然而，毒理基因组学这门学科随后的出现需要精心发展跨越产生毒理基因组学知识所需的众多学科的交流；将新兴形式、标准和实践与现有形式、标准和实践进行明确阐述；管理因将毒理基因组学建立在传统毒理学标准和工作实践基础上而产生的紧张关系，即使它会改变这些标准和实践；以及确定毒理基因组学知识在市场和服务场所（如环境卫生风险评估和监管）中的作用并使其稳定下来。本文描述了科学家为应对这些挑战而采取的技术、制度和跨部门策略。通过这样做，该分析为分子化的手段和意义提供了一个视角。
