Sullivan Elke A, Hooper Sue L
School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Australia.
Percept Mot Skills. 2005 Jun;100(3 Pt 1):681-8. doi: 10.2466/pms.100.3.681-688.
The purpose of this study was to test the effects of visual occlusion and fatigue on the motor performance of vertical skills in synchronized swimming. Experienced synchronized swimmers (n = 12) were randomly assigned to either an exercise or nonexercise (control) activity group. Subjective ratings of fatigue were obtained from the swimmers who then each performed four vertical skills under alternating conditions of vision and visual occlusion before and after either a swimming (designed to induce fatigue) or nonphysical activity. A main effect of activity (p < .03) was found for two measures of performance accuracy (lateral and anterior total distance traveled) but not for lateral and anterior maximum deviation from vertical, indicating that fatigue played a role in executing the skills. The data also indicate that the maintenance of a stationary position is a skill of greater difficulty than maintaining a true vertical. In contrast with previous research findings on synchronized swimmers, a significant effect of vision in all conditions was found, with performance decrements in the conditions of visual occlusion showing that vision provided important sensory input for the swimmers.
本研究的目的是测试视觉遮挡和疲劳对花样游泳垂直动作技能运动表现的影响。将经验丰富的花样游泳运动员（n = 12）随机分配到运动或非运动（对照）活动组。从运动员那里获得疲劳的主观评分，然后每位运动员在游泳（旨在诱发疲劳）或非体育活动前后，在视觉和视觉遮挡的交替条件下各执行四项垂直动作技能。在两项动作准确性测量指标（横向和向前移动的总距离）上发现了活动的主效应（p < .03），但在横向和向前偏离垂直方向的最大偏差上未发现，这表明疲劳在执行这些技能中起了作用。数据还表明，保持静止姿势比保持真正的垂直姿势更具难度。与之前关于花样游泳运动员的研究结果相反，在所有条件下均发现了视觉的显著影响，视觉遮挡条件下的表现下降表明视觉为运动员提供了重要的感官输入。
