Borgmann Kathleen, Gendelman Howard E, Ghorpade Anuja
Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2005;304:49-70. doi: 10.1385/1-59259-907-9:049.
Glial inflammation, principally involving astrocytes and microglia, underlies the pathogenesis of a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders, including, most notably, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-associated dementia. Indeed, for the latter, disease mechanisms are attributed to viral infection and activation of microglia and perivascular macrophages and their resultant neurotoxic activities. Although monocyte-derived macrophages have served as models for microglia, they are limited both qualitatively and quantitatively in their immune responses and susceptibility to viral infection. Thus, the acquisition of primary human microglial cells is critical for laboratory studies of human neurological disease. In this chapter, we provide detailed methods of isolation, cultivation, characterization, HIV-1 infection, and experimental applications of primary human fetal and adult microglial cells, with particular emphasis on studies of HIV-1 neuropathogenesis.
神经胶质炎症主要涉及星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞，是包括最典型的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）相关痴呆症在内的多种神经退行性疾病发病机制的基础。事实上，对于后者，疾病机制归因于病毒感染以及小胶质细胞和血管周围巨噬细胞的激活及其产生的神经毒性活性。虽然单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞已被用作小胶质细胞的模型，但它们在免疫反应和对病毒感染的易感性方面在质量和数量上都受到限制。因此，获取原代人小胶质细胞对于人类神经疾病的实验室研究至关重要。在本章中，我们提供了原代人胎儿和成人小胶质细胞的分离、培养、表征、HIV-1感染及实验应用的详细方法，尤其着重于HIV-1神经发病机制的研究。
