Claes M E
Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
J Adolesc. 1992 Mar;15(1):39-55. doi: 10.1016/0140-1971(92)90064-c.
A questionnaire evaluating the friendship network, the expectations towards friends, the level of intimacy and attachment with friends, as well as the presence of conflicts with friends, was administered to 349 adolescents. The sample consisted of both males and females, age ranging from 12 to 18 years. Subjects were also given various personal adjustment indices that were obtained from the Offer Self Image Questionnaire. The results demonstrate that there are small differences in the friendship network across age and gender. Analysis of the qualitative aspects of friendship are generally constant with respect to age, but demonstrate marked differences with respect to gender: girls expect more from their friends than boys and their level of attachment and intimacy with friends is greater. The results also indicate that the number of friends in the network is not significantly correlated with the personal adjustment variables. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the quality of attachment maintained with friends and the absence of conflict experiences in friendship account for a low but significant proportion of the score variance obtained from the personal adjustment scale. The possibility to confer personal problems and the preoccupations to friends seems beneficial for the acquisition of adaptive behavior. Deficiencies in communication with friends or confrontation experiences and feelings of alienation are related to some forms of maladaptive behavior.
一份评估友谊网络、对朋友的期望、与朋友的亲密和依恋程度以及与朋友冲突情况的问卷，被发放给了349名青少年。样本包括男性和女性，年龄在12至18岁之间。受试者还被给予了从奥弗自我形象问卷中获得的各种个人适应指标。结果表明，友谊网络在年龄和性别方面存在微小差异。对友谊定性方面的分析在年龄上总体保持不变，但在性别方面表现出显著差异：女孩比男孩对朋友期望更高，她们与朋友的依恋和亲密程度也更高。结果还表明，网络中朋友的数量与个人适应变量没有显著相关性。多元回归分析显示，与朋友保持的依恋质量以及友谊中没有冲突经历，在个人适应量表得分方差中占比虽低但显著。向朋友倾诉个人问题和担忧的可能性似乎有利于获得适应性行为。与朋友沟通不足或冲突经历以及疏离感与某些形式的适应不良行为有关。
