Rayce Signe Boe, Kreiner Svend, Damsgaard Mogens Trab, Nielsen Tine, Holstein Bjørn Evald
VIVE - the Danish Center for Social Science Research, Herluf Trolles Gade 11, 1052 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
3National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2017;2(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s41687-018-0040-y. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
Psychological alienation is an important concept in the study of adolescents' health and behavior but no gold standard for measuring alienation among adolescents exists. There is a need for new scales with high validity for use in adolescent health and social research. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate alienation scales in accordance with Seeman's conceptualization of alienation focusing on three independent variants specifically relevant in adolescent health research: powerlessness, meaninglessness and social isolation.
Cross-sectional data from 3083 adolescents aged 13 to 15 years from the Danish contribution to the cross-national study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) were used. We identified and developed items, addressed content and face validity through interviews, and examined the criterion-related construct validity of the scales using graphical loglinear Rasch models (GLLRM).
The three scales each comprised three to five face valid items. The powerlessness scale reflected the adolescent's expectancy as to whether his/her behavior can determine the outcome or reinforcement he/she seeks. The meaninglessness scale reflected the expectancy as to whether satisfactory predictions regarding the effects of one's behavior are possible. Finally, the social isolation scale reflected whether the adolescent had a low expectancy for inclusion and social acceptance. All scales contained some uniform local dependency and differential item functioning. However, only to a limited degree, which could be accounted for using GLLRM. Thus the scales fitted GLLRMs and can therefore be considered to be essentially construct valid and essentially objective.
The three alienation scales appear to be content and face valid and fulfill the psychometric properties of a good construct valid reflective scale. This suggests that the scales may be appropriate in future large-scale surveys to examine the relation between alienation and a range of adolescent health outcomes such as health, behavior and wellbeing.
心理疏离是青少年健康与行为研究中的一个重要概念，但目前尚无测量青少年疏离感的金标准。在青少年健康与社会研究中，需要具有高效度的新量表。本研究的目的是根据西曼的疏离感概念，开发并验证疏离感量表，重点关注在青少年健康研究中特别相关的三个独立变量：无力感、无意义感和社会孤立感。
使用了丹麦参与跨国研究“学龄儿童健康行为”（HBSC）的3083名13至15岁青少年的横断面数据。我们识别并开发了条目，通过访谈解决内容效度和表面效度问题，并使用图形对数线性拉施模型（GLLRM）检验量表的效标关联结构效度。
这三个量表每个都包含三到五个表面有效的条目。无力感量表反映了青少年对于其行为能否决定他/她所寻求的结果或强化的预期。无意义感量表反映了对于能否对自己行为的效果做出满意预测的预期。最后，社会孤立量表反映了青少年对于被接纳和社会认可的低预期。所有量表都存在一些一致的局部依存性和项目功能差异。然而，程度有限，可以用GLLRM来解释。因此，这些量表符合GLLRM，可以被认为基本具有结构效度且基本客观。
这三个疏离感量表似乎具有内容效度和表面效度，并满足良好的具有结构效度的反映性量表的心理测量特性。这表明这些量表可能适用于未来的大规模调查，以检验疏离感与一系列青少年健康结果（如健康、行为和幸福感）之间的关系。
