儿童高度近视的眼底特征
Fundus characteristics of high myopia in children.
作者信息
Kobayashi Kanako, Ohno-Matsui Kyoko, Kojima Ariko, Shimada Noriaki, Yasuzumi Kenjiro, Yoshida Takeshi, Futagami Soh, Tokoro Takashi, Mochizuki Manabu
机构信息
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
出版信息
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2005 Jul-Aug;49(4):306-11. doi: 10.1007/s10384-004-0204-6.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the fundus characteristics of highly myopic eyes in children.
METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of 46 children (1 to 8 years old; mean age, 6.8 years) (80 eyes) with high myopia (4 D or more for children younger than 5 years, 6 D or more for children aged 6-8 years) seen consecutively during a 10-year period at the high-myopia clinic in our hospital. Children of up to 8 years of age at the initial visit were included in the study.
RESULTS
Fundus examination revealed posterior staphyloma in only one eye (1.3%) and mild chorioretinal atrophy around the optic disc in 13 eyes (16.3%). There were no patients with choroidal neovascularization or geographic atrophy in the posterior fundus. Myopic peripapillary crescent was observed in 26 eyes (33.8%), but the area of the crescent was relatively small (mean, 0.5 disc area).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study showed that myopic fundus changes are uncommon and mild in children. They suggest that aging, in addition to mechanical stretching of the eyeball, might be important for the development of myopic fundus changes.
目的
评估儿童高度近视眼的眼底特征。
方法
我们回顾了我院高度近视门诊在10年期间连续诊治的46例儿童（年龄1至8岁；平均年龄6.8岁）（80只眼）的病历，这些儿童均为高度近视（5岁以下儿童近视度数≥4D，6至8岁儿童近视度数≥6D）。初次就诊时年龄在8岁及以下的儿童纳入本研究。
结果
眼底检查发现仅1只眼（1.3%）有后巩膜葡萄肿，13只眼（16.3%）视盘周围有轻度脉络膜视网膜萎缩。后极部眼底无脉络膜新生血管或地图样萎缩患者。26只眼（33.8%）观察到近视性视乳头周围弧形斑，但弧形斑面积相对较小（平均0.5个视盘面积）。
结论
本研究结果表明，儿童近视性眼底改变并不常见且程度较轻。提示除眼球机械性拉伸外，年龄增长可能对近视性眼底改变的发生发展也很重要。
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