Stevens D A, Grivetti L E, McDonald R B
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1992 Jun;92(6):714-8.
We evaluated nutrient intake (as measured by a 3-day food record) and nondietary factors that may influence nutrient intake in urban (n = 48) and rural (n = 47) elderly clients in the Title III C home-delivered meal program. Mean nutrient intake did not differ significantly between the two populations; each population met or exceeded 100% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for all nutrients other than energy, vitamin B-6, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. However, 70% of the individuals within each population had intakes below 66% of the RDA for three or more nutrients and were thus classified as having poor diets. Factors such as the need for assistance with shopping and cooking, living situation, vitamin/mineral supplementation, prescription drugs, and dentition did not significantly predict nutritional intake in either the urban or the rural cohorts. However, 50% to 70% of both the rural and the urban homebound elderly needed assistance with cooking and shopping for food. The rural elderly relied on family members for help with shopping and cooking to a greater extent than did their urban counterparts. We conclude that nutrient intake of the homebound elderly is not affected by geographic location. However, both rural and urban clients are at risk for developing nutrient deficiencies.
我们评估了“第III C项上门送餐计划”中城市（n = 48）和农村（n = 47）老年客户的营养摄入量（通过3天食物记录衡量）以及可能影响营养摄入的非饮食因素。两个人群的平均营养摄入量没有显著差异；除能量、维生素B - 6、钙、镁和锌外，每个人群对所有营养素的摄入量均达到或超过了推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）的100%。然而，每个人群中70%的个体三种或更多营养素的摄入量低于RDA的66%，因此被归类为饮食不良。诸如购物和烹饪需要帮助、生活状况、维生素/矿物质补充剂、处方药和牙齿状况等因素，在城市或农村队列中均不能显著预测营养摄入量。然而，农村和城市居家老年人中50%至70%的人在烹饪和购买食物方面需要帮助。农村老年人在购物和烹饪方面比城市老年人更依赖家庭成员的帮助。我们得出结论，居家老年人的营养摄入量不受地理位置的影响。然而，农村和城市客户都有出现营养缺乏的风险。
