Vonberg R-P, Gastmeier P
Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2005 Aug;40(8):453-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-870100.
Several reasons such as ignorance, convenience, or economical considerations might lead to disobeying basic hygiene measures in anaesthesia. The most important recommendations are for: 1. General anaesthesia: bacterial filters prevent breathing circuit contamination from patient's expiratory secretions. This way reprocessing of reusable components is required only once a day or in case an external contamination has occurred; 2. Neuraxial blockade: use of sterile gloves, a surgical face mask, and a sterile gown is recommended; 3. Intravenous anaesthesia: equipment not manufactured for re-use may not be used for more than one patient under any circumstances. One-way-valves do not securely prevent retrograde contamination of the infusion system. Do not use multi dose vials unless declared by manufacturer. Alcoholic hand disinfection is the most important measure in order to avoid nosocomial pathogen transmission and infection.
诸如无知、便利或经济考量等多种原因可能导致在麻醉过程中违反基本卫生措施。最重要的建议如下：1. 全身麻醉：细菌过滤器可防止呼吸回路被患者呼出分泌物污染。这样，可重复使用部件只需每天重新处理一次，或者在发生外部污染的情况下进行重新处理；2. 神经阻滞：建议使用无菌手套、外科口罩和无菌手术衣；3. 静脉麻醉：非为重复使用而制造的设备在任何情况下都不得用于多名患者。单向阀不能可靠地防止输液系统的逆行污染。除非制造商声明，否则不要使用多剂量瓶。酒精擦手消毒是避免医院病原体传播和感染的最重要措施。
