Rojas Maria R, Hagen Charles, Lucas William J, Gilbertson Robert L
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:361-94. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135939.
The majority of plant-infecting viruses utilize an RNA genome, suggesting that plants have imposed strict constraints on the evolution of DNA viruses. The geminiviruses represent a family of DNA viruses that has circumvented these impediments to emerge as one of the most successful viral pathogens, causing severe economic losses to agricultural production worldwide. The genetic diversity reflected in present-day geminiviruses provides important insights into the evolution and biology of these pathogens. To maximize replication of their DNA genome, these viruses acquired and evolved mechanisms to manipulate the plant cell cycle machinery for DNA replication, and to optimize the number of cells available for infection. In addition, several strategies for cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of the infectious viral DNA were evolved and refined to be compatible with the constraints imposed by the host endogenous macromolecular trafficking machinery. Mechanisms also evolved to circumvent the host antiviral defense systems. Effectively combatting diseases caused by geminiviruses represents a major challenge and opportunity for biotechnology.
大多数感染植物的病毒利用RNA基因组，这表明植物对DNA病毒的进化施加了严格的限制。双生病毒是一类DNA病毒，它们克服了这些障碍，成为最成功的病毒病原体之一，给全球农业生产造成了严重的经济损失。当今双生病毒所反映的遗传多样性为这些病原体的进化和生物学特性提供了重要见解。为了最大限度地复制其DNA基因组，这些病毒获得并进化出了操纵植物细胞周期机制进行DNA复制的机制，并优化了可用于感染的细胞数量。此外，还进化并完善了几种传染性病毒DNA在细胞间和长距离移动的策略，使其与宿主内源性大分子运输机制所施加的限制相兼容。同时也进化出了规避宿主抗病毒防御系统的机制。有效对抗双生病毒引起的疾病对生物技术来说既是一项重大挑战，也是一个机遇。
