An integrated neuropsychiatric approach to diagnosis and management of patients with epileptic seizures.

In patients who present to neurology settings with history of epileptic seizures, psychiatric disorders may be the sole manifestation of apparent neurologic symptoms, or they may coexist. Current challenges for clinicians include distinguishing between two disorders and making the correct diagnoses, interpreting test results, and (co-) managing the disorder(s). Our goal is to provide the clinician with an integrated neuropsychiatric approach for the triage, assessment (history, screening tools, examination, diagnostic tests), and treatment (neurologic and/or psychiatric) of these challenging patients. In particular, use of schemata, tables, and algorithms will offer step-by-step approaches and guidelines for the clinician. Recommendations are made for the indications for psychiatric consultation, and co-management is recommended for patients with emergencies, those who fail routine psychiatric treatments, and those with complex presentations or multiple comorbid conditions.