MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Aug 5;54(30):749-50.
The United States has experienced disruptions in the manufacture or distribution of inactivated influenza vaccine during three of the last five influenza seasons. Delays in delivery of influenza vaccine or vaccine shortages remain possible, in part, because of inherent time constraints in manufacturing the vaccine, given the annual updating of influenza vaccine strains and uncertainties regarding vaccine supply (including licensure of new vaccine preparations). Although total vaccine supply for the 2005-06 influenza season is not yet known, the minimum anticipated supply is approximately 58-60 million doses of inactivated vaccine and 3 million doses of live, attenuated vaccine. This estimated supply is similar to that available during the 2004-05 season and would be adequate to satisfy historical demand for influenza vaccine among persons considered by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to be at high risk for serious complications associated with influenza virus infection, health-care workers, and household contacts of children aged <6 months. These groups were prioritized for influenza vaccination in 2004-05. Additional doses of inactivated influenza vaccine might be available for the U.S. market in 2005-06, but this cannot yet be confirmed. Availability of additional vaccine would allow for expansion of the priority groups and, preferably, vaccination of all persons who desire it.
在过去五个流感季节中的三个季节里，美国的灭活流感疫苗生产或供应出现了中断情况。流感疫苗交付延迟或供应短缺仍有可能发生，部分原因在于疫苗生产存在固有的时间限制，因为流感疫苗毒株每年都要更新，且疫苗供应存在不确定性（包括新疫苗制剂的许可）。尽管2005 - 2006流感季节的疫苗总供应量尚不清楚，但预计最低供应量约为5800万至6000万剂灭活疫苗和300万剂减毒活疫苗。这一估计供应量与2004 - 2005季节的供应量相似，足以满足免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）认定的流感病毒感染严重并发症高危人群、医护人员以及6个月以下儿童的家庭接触者对流感疫苗的历史需求。这些群体在2004 - 2005年被列为流感疫苗接种的优先对象。2005 - 2006年美国市场可能会有额外的灭活流感疫苗供应，但目前尚无法确定。额外疫苗的供应将使优先接种群体得以扩大，最好能让所有有意愿的人都接种疫苗。
