Ishii Ken J, Akira Shizuo
Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Osaka.
Int J Cancer. 2005 Nov 20;117(4):517-23. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21402.
During infection or tissue damage, the innate immune system detects and responds to nucleic acids released from pathogens or damaged host cells. Accumulating evidence has showed that specific sequences, modifications or structures of nucleic acids influence their immunomodulatory activities. Resulting innate immune modulations are regulated by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent or -independent signaling pathways. The first step in host defense against foreign or unwelcome self nucleic acids may play important roles in immune responses against infectious organisms, as well as in clearance of unnecessary tissues, which may be linked to autoimmune diseases and possibly to other immunological disorders. Elucidating mechanisms of innate immune activation by nucleic acids will help future development of more efficient or safer nucleic acid-based immunotherapies and gene therapies.
在感染或组织损伤期间，先天免疫系统会检测并对病原体或受损宿主细胞释放的核酸作出反应。越来越多的证据表明，核酸的特定序列、修饰或结构会影响其免疫调节活性。由此产生的先天免疫调节由Toll样受体（TLR）依赖性或非依赖性信号通路调控。宿主抵御外来或不受欢迎的自身核酸的第一步，可能在针对感染性生物体的免疫反应以及清除不必要组织中发挥重要作用，而这可能与自身免疫性疾病以及其他免疫紊乱有关。阐明核酸激活先天免疫的机制将有助于未来开发更高效或更安全的基于核酸的免疫疗法和基因疗法。
