Aoki Masakazu
Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 1-3-12, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
Kekkaku. 2005 May;80(5):401-11.
Tuberculosis outbreak is defined as group infection more than 20 persons had been infected with tubercle bacilli in Japan, provided one person developed disease is counted as 6 persons had been infected. Outbreak is to be reported compulsory to the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor. A total of 365 outbreaks of tuberculosis have been reported in these 10 years during 1994 and 2004. Out of them, large scale outbreak more than 10 persons have developed disease were 41 (11.2%). Results of contact surveys has reported that 0.36% of newly registered smear positive cases had caused tuberculosis outbreak, 1.1% had resulted small scale group infection (5 to 19 persons had been infected), although majority of the bacteriology positive cases didn't infected even one person. To make clear the mode of airborne infection with tubercle bacilli more clearly, the author has discussed the results of quantitative model on droplet nucle infection by Riley RL and others, nosocomial infection of smallpox virus in Germany in 1970, the results of analysis of airflow at the sites of outbreaks at business office and middle school in Japan, and so on. Finally, the author has reviewed the development of research on annual risk of tuberculosis infection in Japan and discussed about the present problems of risk of tuberculosis infection in Japan.
在日本，结核病暴发被定义为有20人以上感染结核杆菌的群体感染情况，若有一人发病，则按6人感染计算。暴发情况必须向厚生劳动省报告。在1994年至2004年的这10年间，共报告了365起结核病暴发事件。其中，有10人以上发病的大规模暴发事件有41起（11.2%）。接触调查结果显示，新登记的涂片阳性病例中，有0.36%引发了结核病暴发，1.1%导致了小规模群体感染（5至19人感染），尽管大多数细菌学阳性病例甚至没有感染一人。为了更清楚地阐明结核杆菌的空气传播模式，作者探讨了Riley RL等人关于飞沫核感染的定量模型结果、1970年德国天花病毒的医院感染情况、日本商务办公室和中学暴发地点的气流分析结果等。最后，作者回顾了日本结核病年度感染风险研究的进展，并讨论了日本结核病感染风险目前存在的问题。
