Rupp Silke, Metzger Jörg W
Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, Universität Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2005 Sep;60(11):1644-51. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.038. Epub 2005 Apr 9.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) used mainly as additives in different kinds of plastic material. Various PBDEs are found in all environmental compartments as well as in tissue and blood serum of animals and humans due to their persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate. Emission of PBDEs into the environment can occur during recycling of PBDE-containing plastic material or during their uncontrolled or insufficient combustion as e.g. in accidental fires or landfill fires. Under these circumstances, PBDEs can also function as precursor molecules for the formation of polybrominated dibenzodioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs). In this study, we qualitatively investigated the reaction of two PBDE congeners, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo diphenyl ether (BDE 47) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromo diphenyl ether (BDE 153), as well as hexabromobenzene (HBB), a flame retardant used in the past, when exposed to temperatures between 250 degrees C and 500 degrees C. The formed reaction products were analysed by high resolution gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-LRMS). Among others brominated-chlorinated diphenyl ethers were formed by chlorodebromination of the PBDEs. In addition, thermolysis of BDE 47 and BDE 153 in the presence of tetrachloromethane as model substance for an organic chlorine source was studied. Thermal treatment of HBB resulted in the formation of brominated-chlorinated benzenes.
多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）是一类溴化阻燃剂（BFRs），主要用作各种塑料材料的添加剂。由于其持久性和生物累积倾向，在所有环境介质以及动物和人类的组织及血清中都能发现各种多溴二苯醚。多溴二苯醚向环境中的排放可能发生在含多溴二苯醚塑料材料的回收过程中，或在其不受控制或不完全燃烧时，例如在意外火灾或垃圾填埋场火灾中。在这些情况下，多溴二苯醚还可作为多溴二苯并二恶英（PBDDs）和二苯并呋喃（PBDFs）形成的前体分子。在本研究中，我们定性研究了两种多溴二苯醚同系物，即2,2',4,4'-四溴二苯醚（BDE 47）和2,2',4,4',5,5'-六溴二苯醚（BDE 153），以及过去使用的一种阻燃剂六溴苯（HBB）在250摄氏度至500摄氏度温度下的反应。通过高分辨率气相色谱-低分辨率质谱（HRGC-LRMS）对形成的反应产物进行了分析。除其他外，多溴二苯醚的脱溴氯化反应形成了溴代氯代二苯醚。此外，还研究了在作为有机氯源模型物质的四氯化碳存在下，BDE 47和BDE 153的热解反应。六溴苯的热处理导致了溴代氯代苯的形成。
