Mannino David M
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Apr;26(2):204-10. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-869539.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease that causes a heavy health and increasing economic burden both in the United States and around the world. Most of the risk factors for COPD are well known and include smoking, occupational exposures, air pollution, airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma, and certain genetic variations, although many questions, such as why a minority of smokers develop significant airway obstruction, remain. Major medical organizations have agreed on a common definition of COPD, although newer measures, such as functional status or exercise capability, have emerged as important in determining the prognosis of COPD patients. In most of the world, COPD prevalence and mortality are still increasing and will likely continue to rise in response to increases in smoking, particularly by women and adolescents. Resources aimed at smoking cessation and prevention, COPD education and early detection, and better treatment will be of the most benefit in our continuing efforts against this important cause of morbidity and mortality.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种可预防和可治疗的疾病，在美国乃至全球都造成了沉重的健康负担，并使经济负担不断加重。COPD的大多数风险因素已为人熟知，包括吸烟、职业暴露、空气污染、气道高反应性、哮喘以及某些基因变异，不过仍存在诸多问题，比如为何少数吸烟者会出现严重的气道阻塞。尽管诸如功能状态或运动能力等新指标在判定COPD患者的预后方面已变得至关重要，但各大主要医学组织已就COPD的通用定义达成共识。在世界上大多数地区，COPD的患病率和死亡率仍在上升，并且随着吸烟人数的增加，尤其是女性和青少年吸烟人数的增加，很可能会继续攀升。旨在戒烟与预防、COPD教育与早期检测以及更好治疗的资源，将对我们持续抗击这一导致发病和死亡的重要病因发挥最大益处。
