Kinetics of phase separation in systems exhibiting simple coacervation.

The kinetics of phase separation of a homogeneous polyelectrolytic solution into a dense polymer-rich coacervate and the dilute supernatant phase is discussed through statistical thermodynamics. It has been shown that the coacervate phase is associated with higher internal pressure, consequently giving rise to syneresis. Physical conditions for phase separations has been deduced explicitly which reveals that sigma(2)/qrt[I] > or = constant (where sigma is polyelectrolyte charge density and I is solution ionic strength), consistent with experimental observations. In the lattice model, r is the number of sites occupied by the polymer having a volume critical fraction psi(2c), it was found that phase separation would ensue when sigma(3)r > or = (64/9 alpha(2)) [psi(2c)/(1 - omega(2c))(2)], which reduces to (sigma(3)r/psi(2c)) > or = (64/9 alpha(2)) approximately 0.45 at 20 degrees C for psi(2c) < 1. The separation kinetics mimics a spinodal decomposition process. Rate of release of supernatant due to syneresis was found to be independent of the initial coacervate mass. Syneresis results are discussed in the context of temporal evolution of self-organization in polymer melts through Avrami model.