Simons R F, Giardina B D
Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
Psychophysiology. 1992 Jan;29(1):8-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb02004.x.
The present study examined modification of the startle reflex in psychosis-prone and normal control subjects, using a continuous pure tone prestimulus (S1) and an intense white noise startle stimulus (S2). Reflex modification conditions consisted of stimulus pairs with onset asynchronies of 60, 120, and 2000 ms with a startle-alone condition as control. Startle was indexed by the eyeblink, which was measured by vertical electro-oculography. Subjects were identified as psychosis-prone by their high scores on the Perceptual Aberration or the Physical Anhedonia scales. Group differences in blink magnitude inhibition were observed between perceptual aberration and control subjects during short stimulus onset asynchronies, with perceptual aberrators showing significantly less inhibition than controls at 120 ms. No differences were evident between anhedonic and control subjects at the two short onset asynchronies nor were there any significant between-group differences when the interval between stimuli was long (2000 ms). These results suggest that subjects with perceptual aberrations may share with schizophrenics and other schizophrenia-spectrum subjects an underdeveloped mechanism which in normal subjects is presumed to operate during preattentive processing and functions to protect sensory information from the interfering effects of subsequent stimuli.
本研究使用连续纯音预刺激（S1）和强烈白噪声惊吓刺激（S2），对易患精神病个体和正常对照个体的惊吓反射改变进行了检测。反射改变条件包括起始异步时间为60、120和2000毫秒的刺激对，并将单独惊吓条件作为对照。通过垂直眼电图测量眨眼来对惊吓进行指标化。根据在感知畸变或躯体快感缺失量表上的高分，将受试者确定为易患精神病个体。在短刺激起始异步时间内，观察到感知畸变个体与对照个体在眨眼幅度抑制方面存在组间差异，在120毫秒时，感知畸变个体的抑制明显低于对照个体。在两个短起始异步时间下，快感缺失个体与对照个体之间无明显差异，且当刺激间隔较长（2000毫秒）时，组间也无显著差异。这些结果表明，感知畸变个体可能与精神分裂症患者及其他精神分裂症谱系个体一样，存在一种发育不完善的机制，在正常个体中，该机制被认为在注意前加工过程中起作用，并能保护感觉信息免受后续刺激的干扰影响。
