Schell A M, Dawson M E, Hazlett E A, Filion D L
Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA.
Psychophysiology. 1995 May;32(3):266-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb02955.x.
Attentional modulation of startle eyeblink was studied in college students putatively at risk for psychosis and in normal controls. At-risk subjects had extreme scores on scales for either anhedonia or perceptual aberration-magical thinking (per-mags). Subjects were presented with to-be-attended and to-be-ignored tones; white noise startle probes were presented at lead intervals of 60, 120, 240, or 2,000 ms following the onset of attended and ignored tones and during intertone intervals. Controls showed greater inhibition of startle blink at 120 ms and greater facilitation at 2,000 ms during to-be-attended than to-be-ignored tone, demonstrating attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition and facilitation. Both at-risk groups showed normal overall levels of early inhibition and late facilitation. However, per-mags failed to show attentional modulation of either inhibition at 120 ms or facilitation at 2,000 ms; anhedonics showed no modulation of inhibition and modulation of facilitation was delayed in development. The results for the per-mags are strikingly similar to those observed in schizophrenic patients and suggest that these deficits index a trait-linked vulnerability to disorders in the schizophrenic spectrum.
在疑似有精神病风险的大学生和正常对照组中，研究了惊吓眨眼的注意调制。有风险的受试者在快感缺乏或感知畸变-神奇思维（per-mags）量表上得分极高。向受试者呈现需要注意和需要忽略的音调；在需要注意和需要忽略的音调开始后以及音调间隔期间，以60、120、240或2000毫秒的超前间隔呈现白噪声惊吓探针。对照组在需要注意的音调期间，在120毫秒时对惊吓眨眼的抑制作用更强，在2000毫秒时促进作用更强，这表明了对预脉冲抑制和促进的注意调制。两个有风险的组在早期抑制和晚期促进的总体水平上都表现正常。然而，per-mags组在120毫秒时既没有表现出对抑制的注意调制，在2000毫秒时也没有表现出对促进的注意调制；快感缺乏组没有表现出对抑制的调制，对促进的调制在发展上有所延迟。per-mags组的结果与在精神分裂症患者中观察到的结果惊人地相似，这表明这些缺陷标志着与精神分裂症谱系障碍相关的特质性易感性。
