Beno M, Mikulecký M, Hrabina J
Research Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, CSFR.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 1992;31(2):133-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01211211.
A similar pattern of variation with time in observed maxima of daily dose equivalent rates in human thyroids (TD - microSv.d-1) and of daily fallout radioactivities (FR - kBq.m-2) has been found after the Chernobyl accident. An estimate of the time-lag between the maxima in TD lines and the preceding FR peaks was made of about seven days for adult and nine days for juveniles. Applying this time-lag it was possible to estimate transfer factors from the fallout to thyroid dose equivalent: the highest estimated values were 221 microSv/kBq.m-2 for adult and 641 microSv/kBq.m-2 for juvenile thyroids. These values differ from those published by UNSCEAR (United Nations 1988), which have been calculated for various regions of Czechoslovakia, from ingestion and inhalation intake estimates. A broad variation of transfer factor values could be expected to result from such transfer calculations using ingestion and inhalation estimates. The findings also support the concept of a need for prolonged iodine prophylaxy after emissions of radioiodine into the environment.
切尔诺贝利事故后，在人体甲状腺每日剂量当量率（TD - 微希沃特/天）的观测最大值以及每日沉降放射性（FR - 千贝克勒尔/平方米）方面，发现了类似的随时间变化模式。据估计，TD曲线最大值与之前FR峰值之间的时间滞后，成年人约为7天，青少年约为9天。应用这一时间滞后，可以估计从沉降物到甲状腺剂量当量的转移因子：估计的最高值，成年人甲状腺为221微希沃特/千贝克勒尔·平方米，青少年甲状腺为641微希沃特/千贝克勒尔·平方米。这些值与联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会（UNSCEAR，1988年）公布的值不同，后者是根据捷克斯洛伐克不同地区的摄入和吸入摄入量估算得出的。使用摄入和吸入估算进行此类转移计算，预计会导致转移因子值有很大差异。这些发现还支持了在放射性碘排放到环境后需要长期进行碘预防的概念。
