Pietrzak-Flis Zofia, Krajewski Pawel, Radwan Irena, Muramatsu Yasuyuki
Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Department of Radiation Hygiene, Ul. Kowaliowa 7, 03-194 Warsaw, Poland.
Health Phys. 2003 Jun;84(6):698-708. doi: 10.1097/00004032-200306000-00002.
The 131I deposition in Poland after the Chernobyl accident on 26 April 1986 was evaluated from the determined 129I deposition and the estimated 129I/131I ratio at the time of the arrival of fallout. Concentrations of 129I and 127I were determined by neutron activation analysis in uncultivated soils from 16 locations in Poland. Determination of 137Cs in soils was carried out by gamma spectrometry. The atomic ratio of 129I/131I at the time of fallout arrival was estimated using the 129I/131I ratio at the time of the accident, which, on the basis of the core inventory data, was assumed to be 22.8. It was estimated from the time of fallout arrival and from the weighed mean atomic ratio that the 129I/131I ratio for Poland was 32.8. The calculated 131I deposition ranged from 63.2 to 729 kBq m(-2). High deposition of 131I occurred in the locations with rainfall but occasionally also in locations without rainfall. Committed equivalent doses from 131I were evaluated for 5-y-old children, 10-y-old children, and adults using the computer model CLRP for the situations with and without countermeasures including iodine prophylaxis. The highest thyroid doses from inhalation and ingestion without countermeasures were 178 mSv, 120 mSv, and 45 mSv for 5-y-old children, 10-y-old children, and adults, respectively. The countermeasures reduced these doses by about 30%.
根据测定的¹²⁹I沉降量以及沉降物到达时估算的¹²⁹I/¹³¹I比值，对1986年4月26日切尔诺贝利事故后波兰的¹³¹I沉降情况进行了评估。通过中子活化分析测定了波兰16个地点未开垦土壤中¹²⁹I和¹²⁷I的浓度。用γ能谱法测定了土壤中的¹³⁷Cs。利用事故发生时的¹²⁹I/¹³¹I比值估算沉降物到达时的¹²⁹I/¹³¹I原子比，根据堆芯存量数据，该比值假定为22.8。根据沉降物到达时间和加权平均原子比估算，波兰的¹²⁹I/¹³¹I比值为32.8。计算得出的¹³¹I沉降量在63.2至729 kBq m⁻²之间。¹³¹I的高沉降量出现在有降雨的地点，但偶尔也出现在无降雨的地点。使用计算机模型CLRP，针对有和没有包括碘预防在内的应对措施的情况，评估了5岁儿童、10岁儿童和成人因¹³¹I产生的待积当量剂量。在没有应对措施的情况下，5岁儿童、10岁儿童和成人通过吸入和摄入¹³¹I所接受的最高甲状腺剂量分别为178 mSv、120 mSv和45 mSv。应对措施使这些剂量降低了约30%。
