Fay Séverine, Isingrini Michel, Pouthas Viviane
EA 2114, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France.
Conscious Cogn. 2005 Sep;14(3):459-73. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.11.003. Epub 2005 Jan 21.
The present experiment investigates the involvement of awareness in functional dissociations between explicit and implicit tests. In the explicit condition, participants attempted to recall lexically or semantically studied words using word stems. In the implicit condition, they were instructed to complete each stem with the first word which came to mind. Subjective awareness was subsequently measured on an item-by-item basis. As voluntary retrieval strategies are known to be time consuming, the time taken to complete each stem was recorded. In the explicit task, semantically studied words were associated with higher levels of recall and faster response times than lexically studied words. By contrast, in the implicit task, these effects failed to reach significance, although deep encoding made the contents of memory more accessible to awareness. As expected, performance was slower in the explicit than in the implicit task, but in the latter condition, times to produce old words with and without awareness were comparable, and both of these responses were produced more quickly than control words. This finding suggests that although participants may become aware in implicit paradigms, they do not adopt voluntary retrieval strategies.
本实验研究了意识在显性测试和隐性测试之间功能分离中的作用。在显性条件下，参与者尝试使用词干回忆词汇或语义学习过的单词。在隐性条件下，他们被要求用首先想到的单词完成每个词干。随后逐项目测量主观意识。由于已知自愿检索策略耗时，所以记录了完成每个词干所需的时间。在显性任务中，语义学习过的单词比词汇学习过的单词有更高的回忆水平和更快的反应时间。相比之下，在隐性任务中，尽管深度编码使记忆内容更容易被意识到，但这些效应没有达到显著水平。正如预期的那样，显性任务中的表现比隐性任务慢，但在后者条件下，有意识和无意识产生旧单词的时间相当，并且这两种反应都比控制单词产生得更快。这一发现表明，尽管参与者在隐性范式中可能会意识到，但他们不会采用自愿检索策略。
