Shepherd Andrew, Marshall Edward
Appl Ergon. 2005 Nov;36(6):719-27. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2005.05.005. Epub 2005 Aug 10.
Human error is often related to flaws in system design which might have been avoided had greater attention been paid to human factors knowledge and methods as the system was developed. The paper considers the role of human factors in system design and argues that adopting an operational perspective in identifying human factors issues ensures that subsequent human factors advice is focused upon real needs and is consistent with how managers and engineers choose to manage their systems. It also considers the issue of timeliness of human factors input. Failure to consider human factors issues at a time when other design decisions are being taken often means that it is less straightforward to accommodate changes. Thus, managers and engineers may resist dealing effectively with potential human factors problems for reasons of cost and delay in meeting project milestones.
人为失误往往与系统设计中的缺陷有关，如果在系统开发过程中更多地关注人因知识和方法，这些缺陷或许是可以避免的。本文探讨了人因在系统设计中的作用，并认为在识别 人因问题时采用运营视角可确保后续的人因建议聚焦于实际需求，并与管理人员和工程师管理系统的方式保持一致。本文还考虑了人因投入的及时性问题。在做出其他设计决策时未能考虑人因问题，往往意味着进行变更会更加困难。因此，出于成本和项目里程碑延迟的原因，管理人员和工程师可能会抵制有效处理潜在的人因问题。
