Leonard D R P, Robert Clarke K, Somerfield Paul J, Warwick Richard M
Defra, Environmental Protection Directorate, Rm. 305, Eastbury House, Albert Embankment, London SE1 7TL, UK.
J Environ Manage. 2006 Jan;78(1):52-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.008. Epub 2005 Aug 10.
Mankind needs to use the resources and opportunities offered by the marine environment while protecting ecological processes and systems. This is the foundation for sustainable development, which can only be achieved by adopting an appropriate management approach. Whether internationally or at a regional scale, successful management of marine ecosystems needs to be based on a scientifically robust approach to monitoring environmental change. Within such a framework, the conservation of marine biological diversity is problematic, as many conventional measures of diversity are not appropriate for measuring the types of change that require management. New indicators are required and in this paper we summarise some of the current methodology being used to derive such indices, which may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of marine stewardship initiatives. Through a series of examples we demonstrate the application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator of biodiversity to marine environmental assessment and its development towards becoming an operational tool.
人类需要在保护生态过程和系统的同时，利用海洋环境提供的资源和机遇。这是可持续发展的基础，而这只有通过采用适当的管理方法才能实现。无论是在国际层面还是区域层面，成功管理海洋生态系统都需要基于科学稳健的环境变化监测方法。在这样一个框架内，保护海洋生物多样性存在问题，因为许多传统的多样性衡量标准并不适用于衡量需要管理的变化类型。需要新的指标，在本文中，我们总结了一些目前用于推导此类指数的方法，这些指数可用于评估海洋管理举措的有效性。通过一系列实例，我们展示了生物多样性分类差异指标在海洋环境评估中的应用及其发展成为一种实用工具的过程。
