Campbell Donald, Enckell Henrik
Provost Road, London, NW3 4 ST, UK.
Int J Psychoanal. 2005 Jun;86(Pt 3):802-23. doi: 10.1516/yddf-fq2p-n53x-ml1q.
During the treatment of violent individuals who were, incidentally, highly verbal, the authors noticed that physical assaults were often preceded by the perpetrator' s use of metaphors. It was observed that the linguistic metaphors failed to function as ordinary 'as if' devices and became 'concretised'. When this occurred, the perpetrators resorted to a physical attack. In this paper, the authors argue that the capacity to interconnect (which is considered to be the essence of psychic work) is dependent upon what can be conceptualised as a primary mental 'frame' or 'warp'. Distortion of the warp will, in turn, weaken the 'weaving', or interconnecting function of the ego, which is considered analogous to the interconnecting in linguistic metaphors. Clinical material from the treatment of three violent men (two in psychotherapy and one in analysis) is used to illustrate the hypothesis that the concretised use of metaphor represents a restitutive, but failed attempt to maintain a psychic coherence in the face of an imminent breakdown.
在对一些碰巧言辞极为丰富的暴力个体进行治疗的过程中，作者们注意到，身体攻击行为往往在犯罪者使用隐喻之后发生。据观察，语言隐喻未能起到普通的“仿佛”手段的作用，而是变得“具体化”了。当这种情况发生时，犯罪者便诉诸身体攻击。在本文中，作者们认为，相互联系的能力（这被视为心理活动的本质）取决于可被概念化为一种主要心理“框架”或“经纬”的东西。经纬的扭曲反过来会削弱自我的“编织”或相互联系功能，这被认为类似于语言隐喻中的相互联系。来自对三名暴力男性（两名接受心理治疗，一名接受精神分析）治疗的临床资料被用于说明这样一个假设，即隐喻的具体化使用代表了在面临即将崩溃的情况下为维持心理连贯性而进行的一种恢复性但却失败的尝试。
