Berlin R M, Olson M E, Cano C E, Engel S
Department of Psychiatry, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA.
Am J Psychother. 1991 Jul;45(3):359-67. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1991.45.3.359.
The authors describe the role of metaphor in the theory and practice of psychotherapy. Metaphors are considered fundamental elements of our worlds of language and concepts and not just figures of speech, poetic devices, parables, or creative ways to make interpretations. Metaphors shape the process of therapy by structuring the therapist's perceptions, stance, and attitude. They also organize the way problems are discussed as well as the solution that are seen as effective. The authors review the literature on metaphor in psychotherapy and explore common psychotherapeutic metaphors such as "psychotherapy is war," "the mind is a brittle object," "the conduit metaphor," and a variety of somatic metaphors. They conclude with a discussion of how metaphors function in the process of psychotherapy.
作者们描述了隐喻在心理治疗理论与实践中的作用。隐喻被视为我们语言和概念世界的基本元素，而不仅仅是修辞手法、诗歌技巧、寓言或进行阐释的创造性方式。隐喻通过构建治疗师的认知、立场和态度来塑造治疗过程。它们还组织了讨论问题的方式以及被视为有效的解决方案。作者们回顾了心理治疗中关于隐喻的文献，并探讨了常见的心理治疗隐喻，如“心理治疗是战争”“心灵是易碎物体”“管道隐喻”以及各种躯体隐喻。他们最后讨论了隐喻在心理治疗过程中的作用方式。
