Catheline Nicole
Mosaïque, Centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, BP 587, 86021 Poitiers Cedex.
Rev Prat. 2005 May 31;55(10):1104-8.
Success at school increases self-esteem. Any difficulty will have consequential effects on the psychological health of the subject. The conditions now prevailing in the educational institutions (mass schooling without any individual orientation before the end of college) oblige the teenager to submit to teaching methods and to the school system. School can reveal the subject's personal problems (anxiety, phobia or depression), but may equally create pathology by not recognising the heterogeneity of individual development and differences in cognitive functioning. In adolescence, the ego is particularly vulnerable. Anything that may induce its instability can create behavioural problems (instability, aggressiveness, inhibition) or problems of thought (anxiety links, difficulties in abstraction). In order to cope with such a haemorrhage of the ego, the adolescent may have recourse to certain behaviours (e.g. use of drugs leading to dependence). So it is important the know well the links between school failure and behavioural problems or drug consumption because, in one way or another, by their sanction or by lack of motivation, these situations will lead very quickly to school disengagement, which in turn leads to the breakdown of the ego.
在学校取得成功会增强自尊心。任何困难都会对个体的心理健康产生相应影响。目前教育机构中盛行的状况（大学毕业前的大规模学校教育且缺乏个性化指导）迫使青少年服从教学方法和学校体系。学校能够揭示个体的个人问题（焦虑、恐惧症或抑郁症），但也可能因未认识到个体发展的异质性和认知功能差异而引发心理问题。在青春期，自我意识特别脆弱。任何可能导致其不稳定的因素都可能引发行为问题（不稳定、攻击性、抑制）或思维问题（焦虑关联、抽象困难）。为了应对这种自我意识的流失，青少年可能会诉诸某些行为（例如使用导致成瘾的药物）。因此，了解学业失败与行为问题或药物滥用之间的关联非常重要，因为无论以何种方式，通过惩罚或缺乏动力，这些情况都会很快导致学业荒废，进而导致自我意识的崩溃。
