Karlsen J T, Farrants G, Torgrimsen T, Reith A
Department of Occupational Medicine, Telemark Central Hospital, Porsgrunn, Norway.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1992 May;53(5):290-7. doi: 10.1080/15298669291359681.
Elemental composition and morphology of pure manual metal arc (MMA) welding fumes, pure grinding dust, and combined fume/dust air samples were collected and determined separately under semilaboratory conditions. The base material was stainless steel. The purpose of the present study was to create a "synthetic" work situation under semilaboratory conditions by combining one grinding period and two MMA welding periods and comparing these results with results during welding in a workshop. The duty cycles of pure welding and of pure grinding were also observed. A comparison was also made between metal inert gas (MIG) and MMA welding on stainless steel as well as a nickel-rich alloy under regular conditions. The amount of collected material was determined by weighing the membrane filters before and after exposure, and the element contents were determined by atomic spectroscopy. Other transmission electron microscopy (TEM) filters were used for TEM and computer-image analysis, in which the amount of collected material and its morphological characteristics were observed. The arcing time and the consumption of filler material were estimated for different kinds of electrodes. Chemical analysis showed that the contents of manganese and total chromium were lower in grinding dust than in welding fumes. The contents of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in grinding dust were undetectable. Samples collected in welding shops where concomitant grinding was performed contained about 30% less Cr(VI) than those collected under laboratory conditions during welding only. The sizes and shapes of the particles depend on the welding process and distance of collection from the plume of the fume. To compare laboratory experiments with regular welding situations, the experiment must resemble industrial welding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在半实验室条件下，分别采集并测定了纯手工金属电弧（MMA）焊烟尘、纯磨削粉尘以及烟尘/粉尘混合空气样本的元素组成和形态。母材为不锈钢。本研究的目的是在半实验室条件下，通过结合一个磨削时段和两个MMA焊接时段，创建一种“合成”工作场景，并将这些结果与车间焊接时的结果进行比较。还观察了纯焊接和纯磨削的工作周期。在常规条件下，对不锈钢以及富镍合金上的金属惰性气体（MIG）焊和MMA焊也进行了比较。通过称量暴露前后的膜滤器来确定收集到的材料量，并用原子光谱法测定元素含量。其他透射电子显微镜（TEM）滤器用于TEM和计算机图像分析，观察收集到的材料量及其形态特征。估算了不同类型电极的电弧时间和填充材料消耗量。化学分析表明，磨削粉尘中锰和总铬的含量低于焊接烟尘。磨削粉尘中六价铬（Cr(VI)）的含量无法检测到。在进行磨削作业的焊接车间采集的样本中，Cr(VI)含量比仅在实验室焊接条件下采集的样本低约30%。颗粒的大小和形状取决于焊接工艺以及距烟尘羽流的收集距离。为了将实验室实验与常规焊接情况进行比较，实验必须类似于工业焊接。（摘要截选至250词）
