Mata P, Garrido J A, Ordovas J M, Blazquez E, Alvarez-Sala L A, Rubio M J, Alonso R, de Oya M
Department of Internal Medicine, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jul;56(1):77-83. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/56.1.77.
To determine the effects of dietary fat saturation on plasma lipoproteins, we studied 21 free-living normolipidemic women (13 pre- and 8 postmenopausal) on three consecutive diet periods. During the first 4 wk they consumed a saturated diet rich in palm oil and butter [19% saturated fatty acids (S), 14% monounsaturated fatty acids (M), and 3.5% polyunsaturated fatty acids (P)], followed by 6 wk of a monounsaturated diet rich in olive oil (11% S, 22% M, and 3.6% P), and 6 wk of a polyunsaturated diet rich in sunflower oil (10.7% S, 12.5% M, and 12.8% P). Compared with the diet rich in saturated fatty acids, both diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids had similar lowering effects on total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were higher in the monounsaturated-rich period than in the polyunsaturated-rich (10.5% and 12.7% respectively, P less than 0.001) and the saturated-rich period (5.3%, and 7.9%, respectively, P less than 0.05). These effects were independent of menopause status. Our data show that at this level of fat intake (36% as calories), a monounsaturated-rich diet results in a less atherogenic lipid profile than either polyunsaturated- or saturated-rich diets.
为了确定膳食脂肪饱和度对血浆脂蛋白的影响，我们对21名血脂正常的自由生活女性（13名绝经前女性和8名绝经后女性）进行了连续三个饮食阶段的研究。在最初的4周里，她们食用富含棕榈油和黄油的饱和饮食[19%饱和脂肪酸（S）、14%单不饱和脂肪酸（M）和3.5%多不饱和脂肪酸（P）]，随后是6周富含橄榄油的单不饱和饮食（11% S、22% M和3.6% P），以及6周富含葵花籽油的多不饱和饮食（10.7% S、12.5% M和12.8% P）。与富含饱和脂肪酸的饮食相比，富含不饱和脂肪酸的两种饮食对总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇都有相似的降低作用。在富含单不饱和脂肪酸的阶段，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白A-I高于富含多不饱和脂肪酸的阶段（分别高10.5%和12.7%，P<0.001）以及富含饱和脂肪酸的阶段（分别高5.3%和7.9%，P<0.05）。这些影响与绝经状态无关。我们的数据表明，在这个脂肪摄入量水平（占热量的36%）下，富含单不饱和脂肪酸的饮食比富含多不饱和脂肪酸或饱和脂肪酸的饮食产生的动脉粥样硬化脂质谱更轻。
