Borbasi Sally, Jackson Debra, Wilkes Lesley
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
J Adv Nurs. 2005 Sep;51(5):493-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03523.x.
This paper draws on the literature to explore some of the issues of concern to nurses undertaking fieldwork in contemporary healthcare settings.
The emergence of poststructuralist and postmodern perspectives has raised questions about ethnographic approaches, and problematized the role of researchers in the construction of plausible and credible ethnographic accounts. As a practice discipline, nursing needs to negotiate a thorny path between methodological purity and practical application, with nurse researchers required to take account of both philosophical and pragmatic concerns.
There is general agreement that researching with an individual or group rather than researching on an individual or group is the more effective way to approach fieldwork. Feminist writers appear to have dealt with this issue best, advocating intimacy, self-disclosure, and reciprocity in encounters with research participants. The duality of the nurse researcher role; power and politics and the moral implications of fieldwork are acknowledged as factors influencing nurses in the planning and conduct of fieldwork. Nurses as researchers may be better equipped than other social researchers to deal with contingencies in the field.
Laying the epistemological ground for the participant observer role during fieldwork and understanding its impact on the resultant ethnographic account is essential to methodological rigour in field research. Consideration of some of the practicalities and predicaments experienced by nurses as researchers when conducting fieldwork prior to going out into the field is an important research strategy and will facilitate methodological potency.
本文借鉴相关文献，探讨当代医疗环境中从事实地工作的护士所关注的一些问题。
后结构主义和后现代观点的出现引发了关于人种志方法的问题，并使研究者在构建合理可信的人种志描述中的角色变得有争议。作为一门实践学科，护理需要在方法的纯粹性和实际应用之间艰难前行，要求护士研究者兼顾哲学和实际问题。
人们普遍认为，与个体或群体一起进行研究而不是对个体或群体进行研究是开展实地工作更有效的方式。女性主义作家似乎在处理这个问题上做得最好，主张在与研究参与者的接触中保持亲密、自我披露和互惠。护士研究者角色的双重性、权力与政治以及实地工作的道德影响被认为是影响护士进行实地工作规划和实施的因素。作为研究者的护士可能比其他社会研究者更有能力应对实地中的意外情况。
为实地工作中的参与观察角色奠定认识论基础，并理解其对所得人种志描述的影响，对于实地研究的方法严谨性至关重要。在进入实地之前考虑护士作为研究者在进行实地工作时所经历的一些实际情况和困境是一项重要的研究策略，将有助于提高方法的有效性。
