de Melo Lucas Pereira, Stofel Natália Sevilha, Gualda Dulce Maria Rosa, de Campos Edemilson Antunes
Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Nurse Res. 2014 Sep;22(1):14-9. doi: 10.7748/nr.22.1.14.e1243.
To reflect on the experiences of nurses performing ethnographic fieldwork in three studies.
The application of ethnography to nursing research requires discussion about nurses' experiences of ethnographic fieldwork. This article examines some of the dilemmas that arise during the research process.
Three ethnographic studies conducted by the authors in the south and southeast of Brazil. Excerpts from field diaries created during each research are presented at the end of each topic discussed.
This is a reflexive paper that explores the nurses' experience in ethnographic fieldwork.
This article discusses the main tasks involved in ethnographic research, including defining the study aim, reading and understanding anthropological theoretical bases, and setting a timeframe for the study. The article also discusses the idiosyncrasies of the cultural contexts studied, the bureaucracy that may be confronted when gaining access to the field, the difficulty of transforming the familiar into the strange, why ethnocentric perspectives should be avoided, and the anthropological doubt that places the ethnographer in the position of apprentice. It also discusses the importance of listening to others, reflexivity and strategies to stay in the field.
For researchers, ethnographic fieldwork can be a rite of passage, but one that provides invaluable experiences that emphasise the value of relationships based on dialogue, reflexivity and negotiation.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/RESEARCH: The main tasks undertaken in ethnographic research discussed in this article could contribute to the nurse' experience of conducting ethnographic fieldwork.
反思护士在三项研究中进行人种志田野调查的经历。
将人种志应用于护理研究需要探讨护士进行人种志田野调查的经历。本文审视了研究过程中出现的一些困境。
作者在巴西南部和东南部开展的三项人种志研究。在每个讨论主题结尾呈现了各项研究期间所写田野日记的摘录。
这是一篇反思性论文，探讨护士在人种志田野调查中的经历。
本文讨论了人种志研究涉及的主要任务，包括确定研究目的、阅读和理解人类学理论基础以及为研究设定时间框架。文章还讨论了所研究文化背景的特质、进入田野时可能遇到的官僚作风、将熟悉事物陌生化的困难、为何应避免民族中心主义观点以及使人种志研究者处于学徒地位的人类学怀疑态度。还讨论了倾听他人意见、反思性以及留在田野的策略的重要性。
对于研究者而言，人种志田野调查可能是一种成长仪式，但能提供宝贵经历，强调基于对话、反思性和协商的关系的价值。
对实践/研究的启示：本文讨论的人种志研究中开展的主要任务有助于护士进行人种志田野调查的体验。
