Torsheim Torbjørn, Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike, Hetland Jorn, Välimaa Raili, Danielson Mia, Overpeck Mary
Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Bergen, Christiesgt. 13, N-5015 Bergen, Norway.
Soc Sci Med. 2006 Feb;62(4):815-27. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.047. Epub 2005 Aug 11.
The cross-national consistency and variation of gender differences in subjective health complaints was examined in a sample of 125732 11- to 15-year-olds from 29 European and North American countries, participating in the WHO collaborative study 'Health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) 1997/98'. Health complaints were measured with the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Symptom Checklist. Gender differences in health complaints were analysed through multilevel logistic regression analysis. The results indicated a very robust pattern of increasing gender differences across age, with 15-year-old girls as a group at increased risk for health complaints across all countries. The magnitude of gender differences varied across countries, with some countries showing a consistently strong gender difference across age group and different health complaints, and other countries showing a consistently weak gender difference. The gender difference in health complaints was stronger in countries with a low gender development index score. The findings underscore the need to incorporate socio-contextual factors in the study of gender health inequalities during adolescence.
在一项针对来自29个欧洲和北美国家的125732名11至15岁儿童的样本中，研究了主观健康投诉中性别差异的跨国一致性和变异性。这些儿童参与了世界卫生组织的合作研究“1997/98年学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）”。使用学龄儿童健康行为症状清单来测量健康投诉情况。通过多水平逻辑回归分析来分析健康投诉中的性别差异。结果表明，随着年龄增长，性别差异呈现出一种非常明显的模式，在所有国家中，15岁女孩群体出现健康投诉的风险增加。性别差异的程度因国家而异，一些国家在所有年龄组和不同健康投诉方面都呈现出持续强烈的性别差异，而其他国家则呈现出持续较弱的性别差异。在性别发展指数得分较低的国家，健康投诉中的性别差异更为明显。这些发现强调了在青少年性别健康不平等研究中纳入社会背景因素的必要性。
