Ensink Jeroen H J, van der Hoek Wim, Mukhtar M, Tahir Zarfishan, Amerasinghe Felix P
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Nov;99(11):809-18. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.01.005.
The health risks of wastewater use in agriculture were investigated in the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan, by means of a cross-sectional study. The study showed an increased risk of intestinal nematode infection and hookworm infection, in particular, in wastewater farmers (OR = 31.4, 95% CI 4.1-243) and their children (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 2.1-16) when compared with farming households using regular (non-wastewater) irrigation water. Textile labourers living in the same village as the wastewater farmers showed a lower risk of hookworm infection than wastewater farmers but an increased risk compared with farming households using regular irrigation water. Many urban and peri-urban farmers make a living by using untreated wastewater in the production of fresh produce for the urban market. Banning the use of untreated wastewater would deprive these farmers of their livelihood and affect food supply for the urban population. If treatment of wastewater is not a feasible option, the promotion of footwear and improved hygiene, the construction of toilets, in combination with regular anthelminthic treatment, would be suitable alternatives to safeguard the health of wastewater farmers and their children.
通过一项横断面研究，对巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德市农业中使用废水的健康风险进行了调查。研究表明，与使用常规（非废水）灌溉水的农户相比，废水农户（比值比=31.4，95%置信区间4.1-243）及其子女（比值比=5.7，95%置信区间2.1-16）感染肠道线虫和钩虫的风险尤其增加。与废水农户生活在同一个村庄的纺织工人感染钩虫的风险低于废水农户，但与使用常规灌溉水的农户相比风险增加。许多城市和城郊农民通过使用未经处理的废水生产新鲜农产品供应城市市场为生。禁止使用未经处理的废水将使这些农民失去生计，并影响城市人口的食物供应。如果废水处理不可行，推广穿鞋子和改善卫生条件、修建厕所，并结合定期驱虫治疗，将是保障废水农户及其子女健康的合适替代办法。
