Kelly-Hope L A, Yapabandara A M G M, Wickramasinghe M B, Perera M D B, Karunaratne S H P P, Fernando W P, Abeyasinghe R R, Siyambalagoda R R M L R, Herath P R J, Galappaththy G N L, Hemingway J
Vector Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, UK.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Oct;99(10):751-61. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.05.008.
The malaria situation in Sri Lanka worsened during the 1990s with the emergence and spread of resistance to the drugs and insecticides used for control. Chloroquine resistance has increased rapidly over this period, but adverse changes in malaria transmission are more closely associated with insecticide use rather than drug resistance. Insecticide susceptibility tests were routinely carried out in key anopheline vectors across the country for more than a decade. These sentinel data were combined with data collected by other research programmes and used to map the spatial and temporal trends of insecticide resistance in the main vectors, Anopheles culicifacies and A. subpictus, and to examine the relationship between insecticide resistance, changes in national spraying regimens and malaria prevalence. Both species had widespread resistance to malathion, the insecticide of choice in the early 1990s. Both species were initially susceptible to the organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides used operationally from 1993, but some resistance has now been selected. The levels of malathion and fenitrothion resistance in A. subpictus were higher in some ecological regions than others, which may be related to the distribution of sibling species, agricultural pesticide exposure and/or environmental factors. The study highlights that the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance is a constant threat and that active surveillance systems are vital in identifying key vectors and evidence of resistance.
20世纪90年代，随着用于疟疾防治的药物和杀虫剂出现耐药性并传播开来，斯里兰卡的疟疾形势恶化。在此期间，氯喹耐药性迅速增加，但疟疾传播的不利变化与杀虫剂的使用而非耐药性更为密切相关。十多年来，该国一直在主要按蚊媒介中定期进行杀虫剂敏感性测试。这些定点监测数据与其他研究项目收集的数据相结合，用于绘制主要媒介库蚊按蚊和伪杂鳞库蚊对杀虫剂耐药性的时空趋势图，并研究杀虫剂耐药性、国家喷洒方案的变化与疟疾流行率之间的关系。这两个物种对马拉硫磷（20世纪90年代初的首选杀虫剂）均具有广泛耐药性。这两个物种最初对1993年开始实际使用的有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂敏感，但现在已产生了一些耐药性。在一些生态区域，伪杂鳞库蚊对马拉硫磷和杀螟硫磷的耐药水平高于其他区域，这可能与同胞物种的分布、农业杀虫剂暴露和/或环境因素有关。该研究强调，杀虫剂耐药性的出现和传播是一个持续的威胁，积极的监测系统对于识别关键媒介和耐药证据至关重要。
