Nature. 2005 Aug 11;436(7052):793-800. doi: 10.1038/nature03895.
Rice, one of the world's most important food plants, has important syntenic relationships with the other cereal species and is a model plant for the grasses. Here we present a map-based, finished quality sequence that covers 95% of the 389 Mb genome, including virtually all of the euchromatin and two complete centromeres. A total of 37,544 non-transposable-element-related protein-coding genes were identified, of which 71% had a putative homologue in Arabidopsis. In a reciprocal analysis, 90% of the Arabidopsis proteins had a putative homologue in the predicted rice proteome. Twenty-nine per cent of the 37,544 predicted genes appear in clustered gene families. The number and classes of transposable elements found in the rice genome are consistent with the expansion of syntenic regions in the maize and sorghum genomes. We find evidence for widespread and recurrent gene transfer from the organelles to the nuclear chromosomes. The map-based sequence has proven useful for the identification of genes underlying agronomic traits. The additional single-nucleotide polymorphisms and simple sequence repeats identified in our study should accelerate improvements in rice production.
水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一，与其他谷类物种有着重要的共线性关系，是禾本科植物的模式植物。我们在此展示了一个基于图谱的、完成质量的序列，该序列覆盖了3.89亿碱基对基因组的95%，几乎包括了所有常染色质和两个完整的着丝粒。共鉴定出37544个与非转座元件相关的蛋白质编码基因，其中71%在拟南芥中有推定的同源物。在反向分析中，90%的拟南芥蛋白质在预测的水稻蛋白质组中有推定的同源物。37544个预测基因中有29%出现在成簇基因家族中。在水稻基因组中发现的转座元件的数量和类别与玉米和高粱基因组中共线性区域的扩展一致。我们发现了从细胞器到核染色体广泛且反复发生基因转移的证据。基于图谱的序列已被证明有助于鉴定农艺性状相关基因。我们研究中鉴定出的额外单核苷酸多态性和简单序列重复应能加速水稻生产的改良。
