Kobayashi K, Jackowiak H, Frackowiak H, Yoshimura K, Kumakura M, Kobayashi K
Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan.
Ital J Anat Embryol. 2005;110(2 Suppl 1):55-63.
A common characteristic of horses, Rocky Mountain goats, and cattle is that they all have a well developed lingual prominence on the dorsal surface of the posterior area of the tongue. Foliate papillae were found in the horse studied but not in the goat or in cattle. The horse filiform papillae had a long and slender external form with a thin and slender CTC, while in the goat and cattle the external form consisted of a large thick main process and the CTC consisted of a bundle of numerous rod-shaped protrusions. The special papilla found on the lingual prominence resembled larger filiform-like papillae in the horses; however, in the goat and cattle it was a very thick and large tongue like papillae. The horses had two large vallate papillae, while the goat and cattle had 15 or more vallate papillae at the posterior area of the lingual prominence. This suggests that the fine structure of horse tongues may display a more primitive pattern than that present in goats and cattle.
马、落基山羊和牛的一个共同特征是，它们在舌后部的背表面都有一个发育良好的舌隆突。在所研究的马中发现了叶状乳头，但在山羊或牛中未发现。马的丝状乳头外形细长，中央乳头复合体（CTC）也细长，而在山羊和牛中，外形由一个大而厚的主突起组成，CTC由一束许多杆状突起组成。在舌隆突上发现的特殊乳头类似于马中较大的丝状乳头；然而，在山羊和牛中，它是一个非常厚且大的舌状乳头。马有两个大的轮廓乳头，而山羊和牛在舌隆突后部有15个或更多的轮廓乳头。这表明马舌的精细结构可能比山羊和牛的显示出更原始的模式。
