Munro Sian C, Trincado Daniel, Hall Beverley, Rawlinson William D
Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, SEALS, Prince of Wales Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2005 Aug;41(8):449-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2005.00665.x.
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of viral intrauterine infection. In utero transmission can occur during primary maternal infection, reactivation or reinfection of seropositive mothers.
To describe the aetiology and clinical features of infants diagnosed with congenital CMV and to document maternal factors that were presented.
Active national surveillance was initiated in 1999 in collaboration with the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit.
Monthly notifications resulted in 70 cases of congenital CMV being identified between 1999 and 2003. Nearly all of the cases were symptomatic with the most common clinical sequelae reported in infected infants being jaundice, thrombocytopaenia, hepatomegaly, petechiae, purpura and splenomegaly. Almost half (43.5%) of the infants had central nervous system (CNS) complications, such as microcephaly, chorioretinitis, sensorineural hearing loss, intracranial calcifications, developmental delay or seizures, with over half presenting two or more CNS abnormalities. Maternal febrile illness was noted in 54.8% of the cases. The majority of mothers were primiparous (46.4%) or secundiparous (39.3%), indicating two different population groups at risk of primary CMV infection.
This study documents symptomatic congenital CMV cases in Australia.
人巨细胞病毒（CMV）是病毒性宫内感染最常见的病因。宫内传播可发生在母亲初次感染、血清学阳性母亲的病毒再激活或再次感染期间。
描述诊断为先天性CMV感染婴儿的病因及临床特征，并记录相关的母亲因素。
1999年与澳大利亚儿科监测单位合作开展了全国性主动监测。
通过每月上报，1999年至2003年间共识别出70例先天性CMV感染病例。几乎所有病例都有症状，感染婴儿中报告的最常见临床后遗症为黄疸、血小板减少、肝肿大、瘀点、紫癜和脾肿大。近一半（43.5%）的婴儿有中枢神经系统（CNS）并发症，如小头畸形、脉络膜视网膜炎、感音神经性听力损失、颅内钙化、发育迟缓或癫痫发作，超过一半的婴儿有两种或更多的CNS异常。54.8%的病例中母亲有发热性疾病。大多数母亲是初产妇（46.4%）或经产妇（39.3%），表明这是两个有原发性CMV感染风险的不同人群组。
本研究记录了澳大利亚有症状的先天性CMV感染病例。
