Negative regulation of beta-catenin/Tcf signaling by naringenin in AGS gastric cancer cell.

Functional activation of beta-catenin/Tcf signaling plays an important role in early events in carcinogenesis. We examined the effect of naringenin against beta-catenin/Tcf signaling in gastric cancer cells. Reporter gene assay showed that naringenin inhibited beta-catenin/Tcf signaling efficiently. In addition, the inhibition of beta-catenin/Tcf signaling by naringenin in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with constitutively mutant beta-catenin gene, whose product is not phosphorylated by GSK3beta, indicates that its inhibitory mechanism was related to beta-catenin itself or downstream components. To investigate the precise inhibitory mechanism, we performed immunofluorescence, Western blot, and EMSA. As a result, our data revealed that the beta-catenin distribution and the levels of nuclear beta-catenin and Tcf-4 proteins were unchanged after naringenin treatment. Moreover, the binding activities of Tcf complexes to consensus DNA were not affected by naringenin. Taken together, these data suggest that naringenin inhibits beta-catenin/Tcf signaling in gastric cancer with unknown mechanisms.