Kapuscinski A R
Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology and Institute for Social, Economic and Ecological Sustainability, 200 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 2005 Apr;24(1):309-22.
A fluorescent zebrafish was the first genetically engineered animal to be marketed, and biotechnologists are developing many transgenic fish and shellfish. Biosafety science is not sufficiently advanced to be able to draw scientifically reliable and broadly trusted conclusions about the environmental effects of these animals. The science is best developed for identifying hazards posed by environmental spread of a transgenic fish or shellfish and least developed for assessing potential ecological harms of spread. Environmental spread of certain transgenic fish or shellfish could be an indirect route of entry into the human food supply. The management of predicted environmental risks is in its infancy and has thus far focused on the first step of the risk management process, i.e. risk reduction, via a few confinement methods. There is a critical need to improve scientific methods of environmental safety assessment and management and to gather empirical data needed to substantiate biosafety conclusions and to effectively manage transgenic fish and shellfish. Scientists and potentially affected parties should participate in prioritising the knowledge gaps to be addressed.
荧光斑马鱼是第一种投放市场的基因工程动物，生物技术专家正在研发多种转基因鱼类和贝类。生物安全科学还不够先进，无法就这些动物对环境的影响得出科学可靠且广泛可信的结论。在识别转基因鱼类或贝类环境扩散所造成的危害方面，这门科学发展得最好；而在评估扩散的潜在生态危害方面，发展得最差。某些转基因鱼类或贝类的环境扩散可能是进入人类食物供应的一条间接途径。对预计的环境风险的管理尚处于起步阶段，迄今为止，主要通过一些限制方法专注于风险管理过程的第一步，即降低风险。迫切需要改进环境安全评估和管理的科学方法，收集证实生物安全结论以及有效管理转基因鱼类和贝类所需的经验数据。科学家和可能受影响的各方应参与确定需要填补的知识空白的优先顺序。
