Chinabut S, Somsiri T, Limsuwan C, Lewis S
Department of Fisheries, Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand.
Rev Sci Tech. 2006 Aug;25(2):627-35.
Shellfish culture is a major sector of aquaculture production worldwide, and zoonoses and drug residues associated with shellfish farm practice are of concern to public health. This paper focuses on three of the most important shellfish species: molluscs, crabs and shrimp. Although many diseases can affect shellfish, they do not appear to be transmittable to humans. Rather, the main hazards are associated with the methods used to farm the different species. The risk to human health from shellfish most commonly relates to contamination by biotoxins produced by marine algae. Another well-recognised problem associated with shellfish culture is the contamination of shellfish with domestic sewage that contains human pathogenic bacteria and viruses, which causes diseases such as typhoid fever and hepatitis. In shrimp farming, the main potential food safety hazards are zoonoses, chemical contamination and veterinary drug residues. Untreated effluent from shrimp farms is a major concern to the environmental sector as it is known to promote plankton blooms if directly discharged into natural water sources.
贝类养殖是全球水产养殖生产的一个主要部门，与贝类养殖实践相关的人畜共患病和药物残留受到公共卫生领域的关注。本文重点关注三种最重要的贝类：软体动物、螃蟹和虾。尽管许多疾病会影响贝类，但它们似乎不会传染给人类。相反，主要危害与养殖不同物种所采用的方法有关。贝类对人类健康的风险最常见的是与海洋藻类产生的生物毒素污染有关。另一个与贝类养殖相关的公认问题是贝类被含有人类致病细菌和病毒的生活污水污染，这会导致伤寒和肝炎等疾病。在对虾养殖中，主要的潜在食品安全危害是人畜共患病、化学污染和兽药残留。对虾养殖场未经处理的废水是环境部门的一个主要担忧，因为如果直接排放到天然水源中，已知会促进浮游生物大量繁殖。
