Conder Jason M, La Point Thomas W
University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 310559, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005 May;24(5):1059-66. doi: 10.1897/04-484r.1.
Disposable solid-phase microextraction fibers (SPMEs) were used to measure the availability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its two primary transformation products, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT). The SPMEs (85-microm polyacrylate) and sediment-dwelling oligochaetes (Tubifex tubifex) were exposed to TNT-spiked sediment, to TNT-spiked sediment amended with activated carbon, and to TNT-, 2ADNT-, and 4ADNT-spiked water. Sediment concentration was a poor predictor of bioavailability in unamended and carbon-amended sediments (r2 = 0.14-0.73) The activated carbon amendment reduced the bioavailability of compounds in carbon-amended sediment, causing the relationships between Tubifex concentrations and sediment concentrations to differ significantly between unamended and carbon-amended sediment for all compounds. In contrast, SPME TNT concentrations predicted Tubifex TNT concentrations (r2 = 0.54-0.79). and regression models did not differ significantly among the three TNT-spiked matrices. The SPME 2ADNT and 4ADNT concentrations also were predictive of Tubifex 2ADNT and 4ADNT concentrations (r2 = 0.44-0.90). Relationships between Tubifex concentrations and SPME concentrations were the same between unamended and carbon-amended TNT-spiked sediments for 2ADNT and 4ADNT; however, the relationship in sediment (pooled data) differed from the relationship found in 2ADNT- and 4-ADNT-spiked water. The SPMEs provided carbon amendment-independent measures of ADNT availability in sediment and matrix-independent measures of TNT availability among the three matrices. The SPMEs show promise for predicting bioavailable organic compounds in sediment and water.
一次性固相微萃取纤维（SPME）用于测量2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）及其两种主要转化产物2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲苯（2ADNT）和4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯（4ADNT）的可利用性。将SPME（85微米聚丙烯酸酯）和底栖寡毛类动物（颤蚓）暴露于添加TNT的沉积物、添加活性炭的TNT加标沉积物以及添加TNT、2ADNT和4ADNT的水中。在未添加和添加碳的沉积物中，沉积物浓度对生物可利用性的预测效果较差（r2 = 0.14 - 0.73）。活性炭改良降低了碳改良沉积物中化合物的生物可利用性，导致所有化合物在未添加和添加碳的沉积物中，颤蚓体内浓度与沉积物浓度之间的关系存在显著差异。相比之下，SPME的TNT浓度能够预测颤蚓的TNT浓度（r2 = 0.54 - 0.79），并且在三种添加TNT的基质中回归模型没有显著差异。SPME的2ADNT和4ADNT浓度也能够预测颤蚓的2ADNT和4ADNT浓度（r2 = 0.44 - 0.90）。对于2ADNT和4ADNT，在未添加和添加碳的TNT加标沉积物中，颤蚓体内浓度与SPME浓度之间的关系相同；然而，沉积物（汇总数据）中的关系与在添加2ADNT和4ADNT的水中发现的关系不同。SPME提供了与碳改良无关的沉积物中ADNT可利用性的测量方法，以及三种基质中与基质无关的TNT可利用性的测量方法。SPME在预测沉积物和水中生物可利用的有机化合物方面显示出前景。
