Ramos M C
Departament de Medi Ambient i Ciències del Sòl, Universitat de Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2006 Feb;78(3):209-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.017. Epub 2005 Aug 19.
The application of organic wastes to improve soil physical characteristics in mechanized vineyards planted after land levelling is becoming a common practice in Mediterranean areas. It may be useful as an additional source of organic matter and nutrients, but these wastes could also have negative effects due to their metal content. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of compost application on soil metal contents in mechanized vineyard soils of the Spanish Mediterranean area, where this practice is repeated every three years. The study was carried out in a ten-year-old vineyard where the main soil type is Typic Calcixerept. Composted cattle manure was applied in alternate rows, at a rate of 40 Mgha(-1) dry-weight. Nine sampling points were located along the slopes of two plots: a levelled plot prepared for mechanization with large soil disturbance movements within the plot, and a plot of undisturbed soil. At each location, soil samples were taken in both treated and untreated soils. Total concentrations (digestion with aqua regia) and the extractable DTPA (Diethylene-triaminepentacetic)-CaCl2-TEA (Triethanolamine) fractions of Cu, Zn and Mn were analyzed in each sample. For Cu and Zn, the initial concentration was higher in the undisturbed plot. In both cases, total Cu and total Zn were positively affected by manure input and the concentration in treated soils was significantly higher than in untreated soil. For Mn, the initial concentration was higher in disturbed soils than in undisturbed ones, and although in both scenarios the concentrations increased with manure, no significant differences were found between treated and untreated soils. The extractable fraction also increased in treated versus untreated soils, although for Cu and Mn the extractable/total metal ratio was similar in treated and untreated soils. After one compost application, total metal contents increased significantly, particularly for Zn. Most of those metals are accumulated in the soil, due to the soil characteristics.
在进行土地平整后种植的机械化葡萄园里，施用有机废弃物以改善土壤物理特性在地中海地区正成为一种常见做法。它可能作为有机物质和养分的额外来源而有用，但这些废弃物因其金属含量也可能产生负面影响。本研究的目的是评估在西班牙地中海地区机械化葡萄园土壤中施用堆肥对土壤金属含量的影响，该地区每三年重复一次这种做法。研究在一个有十年树龄、主要土壤类型为典型钙质新成土的葡萄园里进行。在交替的行中施用堆肥牛粪，施用量为40 Mg ha⁻¹干重。沿着两个地块的斜坡设置了九个采样点：一个为机械化准备的、地块内有大的土壤扰动的平整地块，以及一个未扰动土壤的地块。在每个位置，分别在处理过和未处理的土壤中采集土壤样本。分析每个样本中铜、锌和锰的总浓度（用王水消解）以及可提取的二乙三胺五乙酸（DTPA）-氯化钙-三乙醇胺（TEA）部分。对于铜和锌，未扰动地块的初始浓度较高。在这两种情况下，总铜和总锌都受到粪肥投入的正向影响，处理过的土壤中的浓度显著高于未处理的土壤。对于锰，扰动土壤中的初始浓度高于未扰动土壤，并且尽管在两种情况下浓度都随粪肥增加，但处理过和未处理的土壤之间未发现显著差异。与未处理的土壤相比，处理过的土壤中可提取部分也增加了，尽管对于铜和锰，处理过和未处理的土壤中可提取/总金属比率相似。施用一次堆肥后，总金属含量显著增加，特别是锌。由于土壤特性，这些金属大多积累在土壤中。
