Blanco Pilar, Rodríguez Isaac, Fernández-Fernández Victoria, Ramil María, Castrillo David, Acín-Albiac Marta, Adamo Irene, Fernández-Trujillo Clara, García-Jiménez Beatriz, Acedo Alberto, Calvo-Portela Noemi, Parente-Sendín Andrea, Acemel-Míguez Lara, Alonso-Vega Flora
Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia (EVEGA-AGACAL), Ponte San Clodio s/n, 32428 Leiro-Ourense, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación en Análisis Químicos y Biológicos (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Constantino Candeira s/n, Campus Sur/Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Microorganisms. 2024 Mar 16;12(3):595. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12030595.
Agricultural management influences the soil ecosystem by affecting its physicochemical properties, residues of pesticides and microbiome. As vineyards grow crops with the highest incidence of pesticides, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of conventional and sustainable management systems of vineyards from DOP Ribeiro on the soil's condition. Samples from soils under three different management systems were collected, and the main soil physicochemical properties were evaluated. A selection of 50 pesticides were investigated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The bacterial and fungal microbiomes were characterized through amplicon sequencing. The results show that organic agriculture positively influences soil pH and the concentration of some nutrients compared to conventional management. Our microbiome analysis demonstrated that transitioning from conventional to organic management significantly improves several BeCrop indexes related to key microbial metabolism and soil bio-sustainability. Such a transition does not affect soil alpha diversity, but leads to a higher interconnected microbial network structure. Moreover, differential core genera and species for each management system are observed. In addition, the correlation of the microbiome with geographical distance is evidence of the existence of different within DOP Ribeiro. Indeed, sustainable management leads to higher nutrient availability and enhances soil health in the short term, while lowering pesticide usage.
农业管理通过影响土壤的物理化学性质、农药残留和微生物群落来影响土壤生态系统。由于葡萄园种植的作物使用农药的频率最高，本研究的目的是评估来自 Ribeiro 法定产区的葡萄园的传统管理系统和可持续管理系统对土壤状况的影响。采集了三种不同管理系统下土壤的样本，并评估了主要的土壤物理化学性质。通过液相色谱-串联质谱法对 50 种农药进行了研究。通过扩增子测序对细菌和真菌微生物群落进行了表征。结果表明，与传统管理相比，有机农业对土壤pH值和某些养分的浓度有积极影响。我们的微生物群落分析表明，从传统管理过渡到有机管理显著改善了与关键微生物代谢和土壤生物可持续性相关的几个 BeCrop 指数。这种转变不会影响土壤的α多样性，但会导致更高的相互连接的微生物网络结构。此外，还观察到了每种管理系统的差异核心属和种。此外，微生物群落与地理距离的相关性证明了在 Ribeiro 法定产区内存在不同的情况。事实上，可持续管理在短期内会提高养分有效性并增强土壤健康，同时降低农药使用量。
