Bamia Christina, Orfanos Philippos, Ferrari Pietro, Overvad Kim, Hundborg Heidi H, Tjønneland Anne, Olsen Anja, Kesse Emmanuelle, Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine, Clavel-Chapelon Françoise, Nagel Gabriele, Boffetta Paolo, Boeing Heiner, Hoffmann Kurt, Trichopoulos Dimitrios, Baibas Nikos, Psaltopoulou Theodora, Norat Teresa, Slimani Nadia, Palli Domenico, Krogh Vittorio, Panico Salvatore, Tumino Rosario, Sacerdote Carlotta, Bueno-de-Mesquita H B, Ocké Marga C, Peeters Petra H, van Rossum Caroline T, Quirós José-Ramón, Sánchez Maria-José, Navarro Carmen, Barricarte Aurelio, Dorronsoro Miren, Berglund Göran, Wirfält Elisabet, Hallmans Göran, Johansson Ingegerd, Bingham Sheila, Khaw Kay-Tee, Spencer Elizabeth A, Roddam Andrew W, Riboli Elio, Trichopoulou Antonia
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, M. Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece.
Br J Nutr. 2005 Jul;94(1):100-13. doi: 10.1079/bjn20051456.
Overall dietary patterns have been associated with health and longevity. We used principal component (PC) and cluster analyses to identify the prevailing dietary patterns of 99 744 participants, aged 60 years or older, living in nine European countries and participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Elderly cohort) and to examine their socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates. Two PC were identified: PC1 reflects a 'vegetable-based' diet with an emphasis on foods of plant origin, rice, pasta and other grain rather than on margarine, potatoes and non-alcoholic beverages. PC2 indicates a 'sweet- and fat-dominated' diet with a preference for sweets, added fat and dairy products but not meat, alcohol, bread and eggs. PC1 was associated with a younger age, a higher level of education, physical activity, a higher BMI, a lower waist:hip ratio and never and past smoking. PC2 was associated with older age, less education, never having smoked, a lower BMI and waist:hip ratio and lower levels of physical activity. Elderly individuals in southern Europe scored positively on PC1 and about zero on PC2, whereas the elderly in northern Europe scored negatively on PC1 and variably on PC2. The results of cluster analysis were compatible with the indicated dietary patterns. 'Vegetable-based' and a 'sweet- and fat-dominated' diets are prevalent among the elderly across Europe, and there is a north-south gradient regarding their dietary choices. Our study contributes to the identification of groups of elderly who are likely to have different prospects for long-term disease occurrence and survival.
总体饮食模式与健康和长寿相关。我们运用主成分（PC）分析和聚类分析，来确定居住在9个欧洲国家、年龄在60岁及以上、参与欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC-老年队列）的99744名参与者的主要饮食模式，并研究其社会人口学和生活方式的相关性。确定了两个主成分：主成分1反映了一种“以蔬菜为主”的饮食模式，强调植物性食物、大米、面食和其他谷物，而非人造黄油、土豆和非酒精饮料。主成分2表明是一种“以甜食和脂肪为主”的饮食模式，偏好甜食、添加脂肪和乳制品，但不包括肉类、酒精、面包和鸡蛋。主成分1与较年轻的年龄、较高的教育水平、身体活动、较高的体重指数、较低的腰臀比以及从不吸烟和曾经吸烟有关。主成分2与较年长的年龄、较低的教育水平、从不吸烟、较低的体重指数和腰臀比以及较低的身体活动水平有关。南欧的老年人在主成分1上得分较高，在主成分2上得分约为零，而北欧的老年人在主成分1上得分较低，在主成分2上得分各异。聚类分析的结果与所表明的饮食模式相符。“以蔬菜为主”和“以甜食和脂肪为主”的饮食模式在欧洲老年人中普遍存在，并且在他们的饮食选择上存在南北梯度差异。我们的研究有助于识别出可能在长期疾病发生和生存方面有不同前景的老年人群体。
