Center of Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Front Public Health. 2022 Aug 11;10:859132. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.859132. eCollection 2022.
Diet is one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases and is related to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including sex. These associations vary across populations. We aimed to investigate which factors are associated with dietary patterns among adults living in Mexico City by sex.
We used data from the Mexico City Diabetes Representative Study, a cross-sectional, multistage, stratified, and cluster-sampled survey in Mexico City ( = 1,142; 413 men and 729 women). Dietary information was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Foods and beverages were categorized into 23 food groups to identify dietary patterns by cluster analysis. Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables included were self-reported through standardized questionnaires. We assessed the association of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with dietary patterns through a multinomial logistic model stratified by sex.
We identified three dietary patterns: basic, prudent, and fast food. Among men and women, higher school attainment was associated with a lower relative probability of having a basic rather than prudent dietary pattern (women: RRR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8, 0.9; men: RRR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.9). Divorced or separated men (RRR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.2) and those living with a partner (RRR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.1) had a higher relative probability of consuming a fast food dietary pattern than the prudent one, compared to single men. Men living with a partner (RRR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 8.6) or working long shifts (RRR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.1) had a higher probability of consuming a basic pattern rather than a prudent one compared to peers. Among women, those with high SES had a lower probability of consuming the "basic" pattern rather than the "prudent" pattern compared to those with low SES. No lifestyle factors were associated to dietary patterns.
Men living in Mexico City with lower education, age, non-single, and working long hours (i.e., more than the established by the law), and women with lower age, education, and socioeconomic level are prone to adhere to unhealthy diets. These associations are likely to be driven by gender roles.
饮食是导致非传染性疾病的主要危险因素之一，与社会人口学和生活方式因素有关，包括性别。这些关联在不同人群中存在差异。我们旨在研究生活在墨西哥城的成年人的饮食模式与哪些因素有关，按性别进行划分。
我们使用了来自墨西哥城糖尿病代表性研究的数据，这是一项在墨西哥城进行的横断面、多阶段、分层和聚类抽样调查（n=1142；男性 413 人，女性 729 人）。通过半定量食物频率问卷收集饮食信息。将食物和饮料分为 23 个食物组，通过聚类分析确定饮食模式。通过标准化问卷自报的社会人口学和生活方式变量包括在内。我们通过按性别分层的多项逻辑回归模型评估社会人口学和生活方式因素与饮食模式的关联。
我们确定了三种饮食模式：基础、谨慎和快餐。在男性和女性中，较高的受教育程度与较低的基础饮食模式而非谨慎饮食模式的相对概率相关（女性：RRR=0.8，95%CI：0.8，0.9；男性：RRR=0.8，95%CI：0.7，0.9）。离婚或分居的男性（RRR=3.8，95%CI：1.3，11.2）和与伴侣同住的男性（RRR=2.6，95%CI：1.1，6.1）与谨慎饮食模式相比，更有可能选择快餐饮食模式。与单身男性相比，与伴侣同住的男性（RRR=3.0，95%CI：1.1，8.6）或上长班的男性（RRR=3.8，95%CI：1.3，11.1）更有可能选择基础饮食模式而非谨慎饮食模式。在女性中，与社会经济地位较低的女性相比，社会经济地位较高的女性选择“基础”模式而非“谨慎”模式的可能性较低。没有生活方式因素与饮食模式相关。
在墨西哥城生活的男性，受教育程度较低、年龄较大、非单身和工作时间较长（即超过法律规定的时间），以及女性年龄较小、受教育程度较低和社会经济水平较低，更倾向于选择不健康的饮食。这些关联可能是由性别角色驱动的。
