Lewkowicz Przemysław, Banasik Małgorzata, Głowacka Ewa, Lewkowicz Natalia, Tchórzewski Henryk
Zakład Immunologii Klinicznej Instytutu Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki w Lodzi.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005 Jun;18(108):686-92.
Fish oils supplementation has been recently widely used in prevention and treatment of the diseases in humans. Fish oil beneficial effects have been investigated in a number of animal disease models as well as human studies. Here, we examined clinical, immunological and biochemical effects of shark liver oil supplementation in high doses in 13 volunteers. The experiment was based on the consumption of 3.6 g of squalene, 3.6 g of alkylglycerols and 750 mg of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) per day for 4 weeks. We have shown the increased response of neutrophils towards bacteria, the increased level of C4 component of complement in blood, the rise of total antioxidant status of serum, and the predominance of Type I cytokine IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after shark liver oil intake. Moreover, shark liver oil supplementation markedly affect lipid metabolism and cholesterol balance. The increase of total cholesterol level from 182.92 +/- 29.290 mg/dl before oil consumption to 224.46 +/- 62.198 mg/dl after diet rich in oil, and the decrease of HDL fraction were noted. However, metabolism of lipids normalised spontaneously after the end of the experiment in all the individuals. The results of the present study have shown, that the main effects of shark liver oil are the result of the biological activity of squalene and 1-O-alkylglycerols, which dominate in the composition of the oil quantitatively. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFA do not manifest, when taking together with high doses of squalene and alkylglycerols. On the bases of these observations, we propose that shark liver oil supplementation in high doses is beneficial in bacterial, viral and fungal infections, whereas patients with atherosclerosis or autoimmune diseases should avoid the consumption of high amounts of shark liver oil.
近年来，鱼油补充剂已广泛应用于人类疾病的预防和治疗。鱼油的有益作用已在多种动物疾病模型以及人体研究中得到了探究。在此，我们检测了高剂量鲨鱼肝油对13名志愿者的临床、免疫和生化影响。该实验基于每天摄入3.6克角鲨烯、3.6克烷基甘油和750毫克n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），持续4周。我们发现，摄入鲨鱼肝油后，中性粒细胞对细菌的反应增强，血液中补体C4成分水平升高，血清总抗氧化状态上升，外周血单核细胞产生的I型细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-2占主导地位。此外，补充鲨鱼肝油显著影响脂质代谢和胆固醇平衡。总胆固醇水平从摄入鱼油前的182.92±29.290毫克/分升增加到富含鱼油饮食后的224.46±62.198毫克/分升，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）部分降低。然而，在实验结束后，所有个体的脂质代谢均自发恢复正常。本研究结果表明，鲨鱼肝油的主要作用是角鲨烯和1-O-烷基甘油生物活性的结果，它们在鱼油成分中在数量上占主导地位。相反，当与高剂量的角鲨烯和烷基甘油一起服用时，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的抗炎作用并未显现。基于这些观察结果，我们建议高剂量补充鲨鱼肝油对细菌、病毒和真菌感染有益，而动脉粥样硬化或自身免疫性疾病患者应避免大量食用鲨鱼肝油。
