Simansky Kenny J
Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, MS488, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2005 Sep 15;86(1-2):1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.06.016.
This report summarizes the background and specific objectives for a symposium on the neurobiology of nonhomeostatic eating and drug abuse that was held at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior (SSIB). The symposium was the first of a series funded by a conference grant from four institutes of the National Institutes of Health. The encompassing goal of the series is to analyze the roles for the biological mechanisms of ingestion in obesity, eating disorders and other theoretically related areas including addiction, depression and schizophrenia. The symptoms and treatments of these diverse pathologies routinely involve aberrations in the mechanisms regulating eating and body weight. The presentations and discussion from this symposium (1) identified changes in neurotransmitter dynamics and gene expression in brain "reward circuits" accompanying learning of behaviors to obtain palatable foods or drugs of abuse; (2) analyzed behavioral findings in animals and humans, and neuroimaging data in humans, supporting treatment with GABA(B) agonists to reduce craving for drugs of abuse and possibly for highly rewarding foods; and (3) used neuroimaging data in humans to establish novel serotonergic targets for normalizing reward processes and impulse control in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Overall, the symposium clearly revealed our rapidly broadening understanding of the alterations in the brain at the molecular, cellular and systems levels that are associated with craving and nonhomeostatic consumption of food and drugs of abuse. This knowledge gained largely in animal models translates to novel and better strategies for treating human patients.
本报告总结了在摄食行为研究学会（SSIB）2004年年会上举办的关于非稳态进食与药物滥用神经生物学研讨会的背景及具体目标。该研讨会是由美国国立卫生研究院下属四个研究所提供的会议资助所支持的系列研讨会中的第一场。该系列研讨会的总体目标是分析摄食生物学机制在肥胖症、饮食失调以及其他理论相关领域（包括成瘾、抑郁和精神分裂症）中的作用。这些不同病症的症状及治疗方法通常涉及调节进食和体重机制的异常。本次研讨会的报告与讨论内容包括：（1）确定了在学习获取美味食物或滥用药物的行为过程中，大脑“奖赏回路”中神经递质动力学和基因表达的变化；（2）分析了动物和人类的行为学研究结果以及人类的神经影像学数据，这些数据支持使用γ-氨基丁酸B（GABA(B)）激动剂进行治疗，以减少对滥用药物以及可能对高奖赏性食物的渴望；（3）利用人类神经影像学数据确定了新的血清素能靶点，用于使神经性厌食症和贪食症患者的奖赏过程和冲动控制恢复正常。总体而言，本次研讨会清楚地表明，我们对于与对食物和滥用药物的渴望及非稳态消费相关的大脑分子、细胞和系统水平变化的理解正在迅速拓展。在动物模型中获得的这些知识转化为了治疗人类患者的新颖且更好的策略。
