Rammelt S, Biewener A, Grass R, Zwipp H
Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum "Carl Gustav Carus", TU, Dresden.
Unfallchirurg. 2005 Oct;108(10):858-65. doi: 10.1007/s00113-005-0993-1.
Foot injuries in polytraumatized patients are not critical for survival but for the later quality of life. Closed fractures or dislocations of the foot are frequently overlooked or misinterpreted in association with polytrauma, which leads to severe functional impairment in those patients who survive. Repeated clinical examinations and early radiographic examinations are essential in the unconscious patient after resuscitation. Emergent indications for surgery even in the presence of multiple injuries are open injuries, incarcerated soft tissues, manifest compartment syndrome of the foot, and neurovascular injury. The decision on limb salvage or amputation has to be individualized with respect to the patient's overall condition and the severity of local trauma to the foot. The "life before limb" principle has to be respected. Emergent reduction of fracture dislocations of the talus, calcaneus, Chopart's and Lisfranc's joints via direct approaches and temporary transfixation with K-wires should be attempted in a first step whenever possible. Additional external fixation facilitates wound care and prevents soft tissue contractions until definite internal fixation becomes feasible. Early soft tissue coverage is always sought in order to avoid infection.
多发伤患者的足部损伤对生存并非至关重要,但对后期生活质量却很关键。足部的闭合性骨折或脱位在多发伤中常被忽视或误诊,这会导致存活患者出现严重的功能障碍。复苏后对无意识患者进行反复临床检查和早期影像学检查至关重要。即使存在多处损伤,手术的紧急指征包括开放性损伤、软组织嵌顿、足部明显的骨筋膜室综合征以及神经血管损伤。关于保肢还是截肢的决定必须根据患者的整体状况和足部局部创伤的严重程度进行个体化考量。必须遵循“生命优先于肢体”的原则。只要有可能,第一步应尝试通过直接入路对距骨、跟骨、Chopart关节和Lisfranc关节的骨折脱位进行紧急复位,并临时用克氏针固定。额外的外固定便于伤口护理,并防止软组织挛缩,直到可行确定性内固定。应始终寻求早期软组织覆盖以避免感染。