Keller Matthew C, Fredrickson Barbara L, Ybarra Oscar, Côté Stéphane, Johnson Kareem, Mikels Joe, Conway Anne, Wager Tor
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2005 Sep;16(9):724-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01602.x.
Prior studies on the association between weather and psychological changes have produced mixed results. In part, this inconsistency may be because weather's psychological effects are moderated by two important factors: the season and time spent outside. In two correlational studies and an experiment manipulating participants' time outdoors (total N = 605), pleasant weather (higher temperature or barometric pressure) was related to higher mood, better memory, and "broadened" cognitive style during the spring as time spent outside increased. The same relationships between mood and weather were not observed during other times of year, and indeed hotter weather was associated with lower mood in the summer. These results are consistent with findings on seasonal affective disorder, and suggest that pleasant weather improves mood and broadens cognition in the spring because people have been deprived of such weather during the winter.
先前关于天气与心理变化之间关联的研究结果不一。部分而言，这种不一致可能是因为天气对心理的影响受到两个重要因素的调节：季节和在户外度过的时间。在两项相关性研究以及一项操纵参与者户外时间的实验中（总样本量N = 605），宜人的天气（较高温度或气压）与春季随着户外时间增加而出现的更高情绪、更好的记忆力以及“更开阔”的认知风格相关。在一年中的其他时间未观察到情绪与天气之间存在同样的关系，实际上在夏季，天气越热情绪越低落。这些结果与季节性情感障碍的研究发现一致，并表明宜人的天气在春季改善情绪并拓宽认知，因为人们在冬季被剥夺了这样的天气。
